Coinfection of Toxoplasma gondii and Other Microorganisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Microorganisms Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12102106
María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez, Eber Eduardo Soto-Hernández, Rocío Bojórquez-Pérez
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Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which has infected a third of the global population. Immunocompromised individuals and children with congenital disorders are most likely to be impacted by toxoplasmosis, and accurate diagnosis is essential. Toxoplasmosis is associated with HIV, schizophrenia, and diabetes. However, few studies have analyzed the association with other microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of coinfection of Toxoplasma gondii with other pathogens. From November 1997 to June 2024, PubMed, Science Direct, LAT index, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Research Gate were searched. The keywords used were "Toxoplasma and microorganism coinfection", "Toxoplasma coinfection and parasites", "Toxoplasma coinfection and Protozoans or Bacteria or Helminths or Nematodes or Trematodes or Mycobacterium", "Toxoplasma gondii in coinfection with virus", and "Human Toxoplasmosis and coinfection". Next, OpenMeta Analyst Software version 12.11 was used for meta-analysis, creating forest plots, and determining heterogeneity I2. A total of 17,535 patients in 48 articles, of whom 5848 were seropositive to T. gondii, were included in this review. Population studies showed that the prevalence of virus infection was most frequent (32%), followed by parasites (18.4%), bacteria (29.7%), and fungi (5.8%). The pooled prevalence of coinfection was found to be 29.1%, with a lower bound of 0.232, an upper bound of 0.350, a standard error of 0.030, and p < 0.001. Heterogeneity (I2) was 99.12%, p < 0.001, with a global variance tau2 = 0.042. Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunist that mainly affects immunocompromised populations. The main coinfections were found to be viral infections, with HIV ranking first, followed by cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C, rubella, herpes simplex 1 and 2, SARS-CoV-2, and coxsackie virus.

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弓形虫与其他微生物的合并感染:系统回顾与元分析》。
弓形虫病是一种由细胞内原生动物弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)引起的疾病,全球有三分之一的人口感染了这种疾病。免疫力低下者和患有先天性疾病的儿童最有可能受到弓形虫病的影响,因此准确诊断至关重要。弓形虫病与艾滋病、精神分裂症和糖尿病有关。然而,很少有研究分析其与其他微生物的关联。本研究旨在确定弓形虫与其他病原体合并感染的发病率。自 1997 年 11 月至 2024 年 6 月,我们检索了 PubMed、Science Direct、LAT index、Web of Science、Google Scholar 和 Research Gate。使用的关键词包括 "弓形虫与微生物合并感染"、"弓形虫与寄生虫合并感染"、"弓形虫与原生动物或细菌或蠕虫或线虫或吸虫或分枝杆菌合并感染"、"弓形虫与病毒合并感染 "以及 "人类弓形虫病与合并感染"。然后,使用 OpenMeta Analyst 软件 12.11 版进行荟萃分析,绘制森林图并确定异质性 I2。本综述共纳入了 48 篇文章中的 17535 名患者,其中 5848 名患者的淋病双球菌血清反应呈阳性。人群研究显示,病毒感染的发病率最高(32%),其次是寄生虫(18.4%)、细菌(29.7%)和真菌(5.8%)。合并感染的总体流行率为 29.1%,下限为 0.232,上限为 0.350,标准误差为 0.030,P < 0.001。异质性(I2)为 99.12%,p < 0.001,总体方差 tau2 = 0.042。弓形虫是一种机会致病菌,主要影响免疫力低下的人群。研究发现,主要的合并感染是病毒感染,首先是艾滋病毒,其次是巨细胞病毒、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎、风疹、单纯疱疹 1 型和 2 型、SARS-CoV-2 和柯萨奇病毒。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Microorganisms
Microorganisms Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
6.70%
发文量
2168
审稿时长
20.03 days
期刊介绍: Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, viruses and prions. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.
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