Erin Long, Christopher F Rider, Christopher Carlsten
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
One of the most pressing issues in global health is air pollution. Emissions from traffic-related air pollution and biomass burning are two of the most common sources of air pollution. Diesel exhaust (DE) and wood smoke (WS) have been used as models of these pollutant sources in controlled human exposure (CHE) experiments. The aim of this review was to compare the health effects of DE and WS using results obtained from CHE studies. A total of 119 CHE-DE publications and 25 CHE-WS publications were identified for review. CHE studies of DE generally involved shorter exposure durations and lower particulate matter concentrations, and demonstrated more potent dysfunctional outcomes than CHE studies of WS. In the airways, DE induces neutrophilic inflammation and increases airway hyperresponsiveness, but the effects of WS are unclear. There is strong evidence that DE provokes systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, but less evidence exists for WS. Exposure to DE was more prothrombotic than WS. DE generally increased cardiovascular dysfunction, but limited evidence is available for WS. Substantial heterogeneity in experimental methodology limited the comparison between studies. In many areas, outcomes of WS exposures tended to trend in similar directions to those of DE, suggesting that the effects of DE exposure may be useful for inferring possible responses to WS. However, several gaps in the literature were identified, predominantly pertaining to elucidating the effects of WS exposure. Future studies should strongly consider performing head-to-head comparisons between DE and WS using a CHE design to determine the differential effects of these exposures.
空气污染是全球健康领域最紧迫的问题之一。与交通有关的空气污染和生物质燃烧排放是空气污染的两个最常见来源。在受控人体暴露(CHE)实验中,柴油废气(DE)和木烟(WS)被用作这些污染源的模型。本综述旨在利用 CHE 研究的结果,比较柴油废气和木烟对健康的影响。共有 119 篇关于 DE 和 WS 的研究论文和 25 篇关于 WS 的研究论文可供查阅。关于 DE 的 CHE 研究一般涉及较短的暴露持续时间和较低的颗粒物浓度,与关于 WS 的 CHE 研究相比,这些研究显示了更强的功能障碍结果。在气道中,DE 会诱发中性粒细胞炎症并增加气道高反应性,但 WS 的影响尚不清楚。有确凿证据表明 DE 会引发全身氧化应激和炎症,但关于 WS 的证据较少。暴露于 DE 比暴露于 WS 更容易导致血栓形成。DE 通常会增加心血管功能障碍,但 WS 的证据有限。实验方法上的巨大差异限制了不同研究之间的比较。在许多领域,WS 暴露的结果与 DE 暴露的结果趋于相似,这表明 DE 暴露的影响可能有助于推断 WS 可能产生的反应。不过,我们也发现了一些文献空白,主要是在阐明 WS 暴露的影响方面。未来的研究应着重考虑采用CHE设计对DE和WS进行正面比较,以确定这些暴露的不同影响。
期刊介绍:
Particle and Fibre Toxicology is an online journal that is open access and peer-reviewed. It covers a range of disciplines such as material science, biomaterials, and nanomedicine, focusing on the toxicological effects of particles and fibres. The journal serves as a platform for scientific debate and communication among toxicologists and scientists from different fields who work with particle and fibre materials. The main objective of the journal is to deepen our understanding of the physico-chemical properties of particles, their potential for human exposure, and the resulting biological effects. It also addresses regulatory issues related to particle exposure in workplaces and the general environment. Moreover, the journal recognizes that there are various situations where particles can pose a toxicological threat, such as the use of old materials in new applications or the introduction of new materials altogether. By encompassing all these disciplines, Particle and Fibre Toxicology provides a comprehensive source for research in this field.