The disruption of birds' double mutualistic interactions in novel ecosystems.

IF 3.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI:10.1098/rspb.2024.1872
Mauro Nereu, Joaquim S Silva, Sérgio Timóteo
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Abstract

Non-native trees disrupt ecological processes vital to native plant communities. We studied how forests dominated by Acacia dealbata and Eucalyptus globulus affect the role of birds as dual pollinators and seed dispersers in a region heavily impacted by these two non-native species. We compared bird-plant interactions in the native and in the two non-native forest types. We constructed a multilayer regional network for each forest type and evaluated differences in network dissimilarity between networks. We also calculated the bird's importance in connecting processes and variables associated with module diversity. To determine how the networks react to changes in species richness, we did a simulation of species richness gradient and link percentage for each forest type. The number of birds acting both as pollinators and seed dispersers was higher in native than in non-native forests. However, birds in non-native forests still play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological services provided to native plant communities. However, the eucalyptus network exhibited a concerning simplification, forcing bird species to fully exploit the few remaining resources, leaving little room for structural adjustments and limiting the ecosystem's ability to withstand further species loss. These findings highlight how non-native trees may trigger cascading effects across trophic levels.

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鸟类在新生态系统中的双重互惠互动的破坏。
非本地树木破坏了对本地植物群落至关重要的生态过程。我们研究了在受这两种非本地物种严重影响的地区,以相思树和桉树为主的森林如何影响鸟类作为双重传粉者和种子传播者的作用。我们比较了本地森林和两种非本地森林中鸟类与植物的相互作用。我们为每种森林类型构建了一个多层区域网络,并评估了不同网络之间网络相似性的差异。我们还计算了鸟类在连接与模块多样性相关的过程和变量中的重要性。为了确定网络对物种丰富度变化的反应,我们对每种森林类型的物种丰富度梯度和链接百分比进行了模拟。在原生林中,既是传粉者又是种子传播者的鸟类数量高于非原生林。然而,非本地森林中的鸟类在维持本地植物群落的生态服务方面仍然发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,桉树网络表现出令人担忧的简化,迫使鸟类物种充分利用所剩无几的资源,几乎没有结构调整的余地,限制了生态系统抵御物种进一步减少的能力。这些发现突显了非本地树木如何在各营养级之间引发级联效应。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
4.30%
发文量
502
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Proceedings B is the Royal Society’s flagship biological research journal, accepting original articles and reviews of outstanding scientific importance and broad general interest. The main criteria for acceptance are that a study is novel, and has general significance to biologists. Articles published cover a wide range of areas within the biological sciences, many have relevance to organisms and the environments in which they live. The scope includes, but is not limited to, ecology, evolution, behavior, health and disease epidemiology, neuroscience and cognition, behavioral genetics, development, biomechanics, paleontology, comparative biology, molecular ecology and evolution, and global change biology.
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