Genetic loci associated with sorghum drought tolerance in multiple environments and their sensitivity to environmental covariables.

IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Theoretical and Applied Genetics Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI:10.1007/s00122-024-04761-3
Karine da Costa Bernardino, José Henrique Soler Guilhen, Cícero Beserra de Menezes, Flavio Dessaune Tardin, Robert Eugene Schaffert, Edson Alves Bastos, Milton José Cardoso, Rodrigo Gazaffi, João Ricardo Bachega Feijó Rosa, Antônio Augusto Franco Garcia, Claudia Teixeira Guimarães, Leon Kochian, Maria Marta Pastina, Jurandir Vieira Magalhaes
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Abstract

Key message: Climate change can limit yields of naturally resilient crops, like sorghum, challenging global food security. Agriculture under an erratic climate requires tapping into a reservoir of flexible adaptive loci that can lead to lasting yield stability under multiple abiotic stress conditions. Domesticated in the hot and dry regions of Africa, sorghum is considered a harsh crop, which is adapted to important stress factors closely related to climate change. To investigate the genetic basis of drought stress adaptation in sorghum, we used a multi-environment multi-locus genome-wide association study (MEML-GWAS) in a subset of a diverse sorghum association panel (SAP) phenotyped for performance both under well-watered and water stress conditions. We selected environments in Brazil that foreshadow agriculture where both drought and temperature stresses coincide as in many tropical agricultural frontiers. Drought reduced average grain yield (Gy) by up to 50% and also affected flowering time (Ft) and plant height (Ph). We found 15 markers associated with Gy on all sorghum chromosomes except for chromosomes 7 and 9, in addition to loci associated with phenology traits. Loci associated with Gy strongly interacted with the environment in a complex way, while loci associated with phenology traits were less affected by G × E. Studying environmental covariables potentially underpinning G × E, increases in relative humidity and evapotranspiration favored and disfavored grain yield, respectively. High temperatures influenced G × E and reduced sorghum yields, with a ~ 100 kg ha-1 average decrease in grain yield for each unit increase in maximum temperature between 29 and 38 °C. Extreme G × E for sorghum stress resilience poses an additional challenge to breed crops for moving, erratic weather conditions.

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与多种环境下高粱耐旱性相关的基因位点及其对环境协变量的敏感性。
关键信息:气候变化会限制高粱等天然抗逆作物的产量,从而对全球粮食安全构成挑战。在反复无常的气候条件下从事农业生产,需要利用灵活的适应性基因库,以便在多种非生物胁迫条件下保持持久的产量稳定性。高粱驯化于非洲炎热干旱地区,被认为是一种耐旱作物,能适应与气候变化密切相关的重要胁迫因素。为了研究高粱适应干旱胁迫的遗传基础,我们在一个多环境多焦点全基因组关联研究(MEML-GWAS)中使用了一个多样化高粱关联面板(SAP)的子集,该面板在水分充足和水分胁迫条件下都有表现。我们选择了巴西的一些环境,这些环境预示着许多热带农业前沿地区同时存在干旱和温度胁迫。干旱使平均谷物产量(Gy)降低达 50%,同时还影响开花时间(Ft)和株高(Ph)。除了与物候性状相关的位点外,我们还在除 7 号和 9 号染色体外的所有高粱染色体上发现了 15 个与 Gy 相关的标记。与 Gy 相关的位点与环境的相互作用非常复杂,而与物候性状相关的位点受 G × E 的影响较小。在研究可能支撑 G × E 的环境协变量时,相对湿度和蒸散量的增加分别对谷物产量有利和不利。高温影响 G × E 并降低高粱产量,在 29 至 38 °C 之间,最高气温每升高一个单位,谷物产量平均减少约 100 千克/公顷。高粱抗逆性的极端 G × E 对培育适应变化无常的气候条件的作物提出了新的挑战。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
7.40%
发文量
241
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Theoretical and Applied Genetics publishes original research and review articles in all key areas of modern plant genetics, plant genomics and plant biotechnology. All work needs to have a clear genetic component and significant impact on plant breeding. Theoretical considerations are only accepted in combination with new experimental data and/or if they indicate a relevant application in plant genetics or breeding. Emphasizing the practical, the journal focuses on research into leading crop plants and articles presenting innovative approaches.
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