Catatonia in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Series.

Abstract

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) presents a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its varied clinical manifestations. The prevalence of NPSLE ranges widely, reported between 37% and 95% in different case series, reflecting this condition's complex and heterogeneous nature. Here we report three cases of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting with catatonia as a rare neuropsychiatric manifestation. Case 1 is a 15-year-old male with fever, and pancytopenia, diagnosed with SLE and subsequent development of catatonia. Case 2 is a 14-year-old female with a history of SLE presenting with altered sensorium, restlessness, and catatonia. Case 3 is a 15-year-old male with SLE exhibiting abnormal behaviour and catatonia. Treatment strategies for these cases include high-dose steroids, immunosuppression, and benzodiazepines. This case series emphasises the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, prompt diagnosis, aggressive treatment, and vigilant follow-up to optimise outcomes in these vulnerable paediatric patients. In conclusion, this case series contributes to the literature on catatonia in paediatric SLE, emphasising the need for expanded awareness, early recognition, and comprehensive management strategies. Further research is warranted to refine predictive factors and establish optimal maintenance protocols for this complex neuropsychiatric manifestation.