Multiple stressors disrupt sex hormones and fitness outcomes: effects of hypoxia and turbidity on an African cichlid fish.

IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Conservation Physiology Pub Date : 2024-10-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/conphys/coae066
Bethany L Williams, Lauren M Pintor, Jai Tiarks, Suzanne M Gray
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Abstract

Freshwater organisms face a complex array of environmental stressors that can negatively affect endocrine function and subsequent fitness outcomes. Hypoxia and turbidity are two environmental stressors that are increasing due to human activities that could lead to endocrine disruption and reduced reproductive output. Our research addresses how hypoxia and elevated turbidity affect traits related to reproductive success, specifically sex hormone concentrations, investment in reproductive tissues and body size. We used wild fish from two populations (a river and a swamp) of an African cichlid, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor, to produce offspring that were reared in a full factorial split brood rearing experiment (hypoxic/normoxic × clear/turbid). River and swamp populations represent divergent habitat types with respect to the stressors of interest, being well-oxygenated but turbid or hypoxic and clear, respectively. Overall, we found evidence for plastic responses to both stressors. Specifically, we found that there was an interactive effect of oxygen and turbidity on testosterone in males from both populations. Additionally, males of both populations reared under hypoxic conditions were significantly smaller in both mass and standard length than those raised under normoxic conditions and invested less in reproductive tissues (quantified as gonadosomatic index). Hypoxia and turbidity are experienced naturally by this species, and these environmental stressors did not affect the number of eggs laid by females when experienced in the absence of another stressor (i.e. normoxic/turbid or hypoxic/clear). However, there was an interactive effect of hypoxia and turbidity, as females reared and maintained under this treatment combination laid fewer eggs. This research underscores the importance of considering the possibility of stressor interactions when determining how anthropogenic stressors affect fitness outcomes.

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多重压力扰乱性激素和健康结果:缺氧和浑浊对非洲慈鲷的影响。
淡水生物面临着一系列复杂的环境压力,这些压力会对内分泌功能和随后的适应性结果产生负面影响。缺氧和浑浊这两种环境应激源因人类活动而不断增加,可能导致内分泌紊乱和生殖能力下降。我们的研究涉及缺氧和浑浊度升高如何影响与生殖成功相关的特征,特别是性激素浓度、生殖组织投资和体型。我们利用非洲慈鲷(Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor)的两个种群(河流和沼泽)的野生鱼类生产后代,并在全因子分雏饲养实验(缺氧/缺氧 × 清澈/浑浊)中进行饲养。河流和沼泽种群代表了不同的栖息地类型,分别是氧气充足但浑浊或缺氧但清澈的栖息地。总体而言,我们发现了对这两种压力因子做出可塑性反应的证据。具体来说,我们发现氧气和浑浊度对两个种群雄鱼的睾酮有交互影响。此外,在缺氧条件下饲养的两个种群的雄鱼在质量和标准体长上都明显小于在常氧条件下饲养的雄鱼,而且在生殖组织上的投资也较少(以性腺指数量化)。缺氧和浑浊是该物种的自然现象,在没有其他应激源(即常氧/浑浊或缺氧/清澈)的情况下,这些环境应激源不会影响雌性产卵数量。然而,缺氧和浑浊会产生交互影响,因为在这种处理组合下饲养和维持的雌鱼产卵量减少。这项研究强调,在确定人为应激因素如何影响适应性结果时,考虑应激因素相互作用的可能性非常重要。
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来源期刊
Conservation Physiology
Conservation Physiology Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.70%
发文量
71
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Conservation Physiology is an online only, fully open access journal published on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. Biodiversity across the globe faces a growing number of threats associated with human activities. Conservation Physiology will publish research on all taxa (microbes, plants and animals) focused on understanding and predicting how organisms, populations, ecosystems and natural resources respond to environmental change and stressors. Physiology is considered in the broadest possible terms to include functional and mechanistic responses at all scales. We also welcome research towards developing and refining strategies to rebuild populations, restore ecosystems, inform conservation policy, and manage living resources. We define conservation physiology broadly and encourage potential authors to contact the editorial team if they have any questions regarding the remit of the journal.
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