Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Monitoring of Sodium Clustering and Its Effect on the Sodium Storage of Biowaste-Derived Carbons

IF 5.4 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL ACS Applied Energy Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1021/acsaem.4c0219510.1021/acsaem.4c02195
Rositsa R. Kukeva, Mariya Kalapsazova*, Sonya Harizanova, Ivan Markov Uzunov, Pavel Markov, Ivanka Spassova and Radostina Stoyanova*, 
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Abstract

Biowaste-derived carbons store large amounts of sodium as many competing reactions of adsorption, intercalation, and pore filling take place. Herein, we report electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as a comprehensive method to monitor the interaction of sodium with carbons used as electrodes in sodium-ion cells. It is shown that EPR can distinguish signals due to sodium intercalation and sodium cluster growth. Applying the correlation between the EPR line width and the metallic particle dimension, the sodium clusters are quantified regarding their size. In terms of the EPR, we discuss the sodiation mechanism and sodium storage performance of carbons derived from spent coffee grounds. The smallest sodium clusters (below 2 nm) are formed on closed-pore carbons at a potential of 0.01 V, while the largest clusters (around 200 nm) occur on hydrogen-rich carbons at 0.05 V at the earliest. The small sodium clusters generated at around 0.01 V give extra capacity, while sodium intercalation occurring between 0.5 and 0.1 V ensures good cycle stability.

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电子顺磁共振监测钠聚类及其对生物废料衍生碳的钠储存的影响
生物废料衍生碳在发生吸附、插层和孔隙填充等多种竞争反应的过程中储存了大量的钠。在此,我们报告了电子顺磁共振 (EPR) 光谱法,这是一种监测钠与钠离子电池中用作电极的碳之间相互作用的综合方法。研究表明,EPR 可以区分钠插层和钠簇生长产生的信号。利用 EPR 线宽与金属颗粒尺寸之间的相关性,可以量化钠簇的尺寸。从 EPR 的角度,我们讨论了从废咖啡渣中提取的碳的钠化机制和钠存储性能。最小的钠簇(2 nm 以下)是在 0.01 V 的电位下在闭孔碳上形成的,而最大的钠簇(200 nm 左右)最早出现在 0.05 V 的富氢碳上。在 0.01 V 左右产生的小钠簇可提供额外的容量,而在 0.5 至 0.1 V 之间发生的钠插层可确保良好的循环稳定性。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Energy Materials
ACS Applied Energy Materials Materials Science-Materials Chemistry
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
1368
期刊介绍: ACS Applied Energy Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of materials, engineering, chemistry, physics and biology relevant to energy conversion and storage. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrate knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important energy applications.
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Issue Publication Information Issue Editorial Masthead Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Pd and Ni Codoped Electronegative Element-Filled Skutterudites Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Monitoring of Sodium Clustering and Its Effect on the Sodium Storage of Biowaste-Derived Carbons Decisive Effect of Hydrophobic Rigid-Flexible Coupled Side Chains of Polycarbazoles on the Performance of Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells
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