Analysis of volatile compound metabolic profiles during the fermentation of filler tobacco leaves through integrated E-nose, GC–MS, GC-IMS, and sensory evaluation

IF 3.8 2区 化学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Journal of Chromatography A Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465472
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Abstract

Tobacco is an agricultural commodity with great economic significance. Producers recognize that the flavor characteristics of filler tobacco clear-out (FTLs) affect the quality of cigar tobacco items. To identify the major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) responsible for differences in FTLs, E-nose, HS-SPME-GC–MS, and HS-GC-IMS were employed for multi-dimensional analysis of nine groups of FTLs at various fermentation stages. The E-nose results indicated a progressive increase in nitrogen-oxygen compounds during fermentation. Coupled with these findings, HS-SPME-GC–MS identified 56 VOCs, and HS-GC-IMS revealed 55 VOCs in the FTLs. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that FTLs from various fermentation stages of the Yunxue No 39 tobacco plant exhibit significant differences. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), along with the variable importance in projection (VIP) method for feature selection, pinpointed 12 VOCs as the essential unmistakable metabolites embroiled within the agrarian fermenting prepare of matured FTLs. During the fermentation process, these crucial metabolites are predominantly enriched in pathways including pyruvate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, as well as nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. The study provides insights into the differences and diversity of FTLs at agricultural fermentation stages. It offers valuable information for optimizing the quality of agricultural fermentation and guiding the directional fermentation of tobacco leaves.
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通过综合电子鼻、气相色谱-质谱、气相色谱-质谱和感官评价,分析填充烟叶发酵过程中的挥发性化合物代谢概况。
烟草是一种具有重要经济意义的农产品。生产商认识到,填充烟丝的清香特征(FTLs)会影响雪茄烟的质量。为了确定造成 FTLs 不同的主要挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),采用电子鼻、HS-SPME-GC-MS 和 HS-GC-IMS 对不同发酵阶段的九组 FTLs 进行了多维分析。电子鼻分析结果表明,氮氧化合物在发酵过程中逐渐增加。结合这些发现,HS-SPME-GC-MS 在 FTLs 中鉴定出 56 种挥发性有机化合物,HS-GC-IMS 在 FTLs 中鉴定出 55 种挥发性有机化合物。主成分分析(PCA)表明,来自云雪 39 号烟株不同发酵阶段的 FTLs 表现出显著差异。利用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)和投影变量重要性(VIP)方法进行特征选择,确定了 12 种挥发性有机化合物,它们是成熟 FTL 在农业发酵过程中不可或缺的代谢物。在发酵过程中,这些关键代谢物主要富集在丙酮酸代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢以及烟酸和烟酰胺代谢等途径中。这项研究有助于深入了解农业发酵阶段 FTLs 的差异和多样性。它为优化农业发酵质量和指导烟叶定向发酵提供了有价值的信息。
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来源期刊
Journal of Chromatography A
Journal of Chromatography A 化学-分析化学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
14.60%
发文量
742
审稿时长
45 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Chromatography A provides a forum for the publication of original research and critical reviews on all aspects of fundamental and applied separation science. The scope of the journal includes chromatography and related techniques, electromigration techniques (e.g. electrophoresis, electrochromatography), hyphenated and other multi-dimensional techniques, sample preparation, and detection methods such as mass spectrometry. Contributions consist mainly of research papers dealing with the theory of separation methods, instrumental developments and analytical and preparative applications of general interest.
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