Association between body shape index and arterial stiffness: results of the EVasCu study and a meta-analysis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the association between body shape index (ABSI) and arterial stiffness in healthy subjects using data from the EVasCu study. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed to compare the association between ABSI and central, peripheral and systemic arterial stiffness in the general population. The EVasCu study included 390 healthy subjects. ABSI was calculated from waist circumference, body mass index and height, and arterial stiffness was assessed with aortic pulse wave velocity (a-PWv) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). A meta-analysis of previous studies, including data from the EVasCu study, was performed to obtain pooled estimates of correlation coefficients (r) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between ABSI and central, peripheral and systemic arterial stiffness. In addition, pooled OR estimates and their 95% CIs were calculated. In the EVasCu study, the correlation coefficient estimate was 0.458 (p < 0.01) for the association of a-PWv and ABSI and 0.408 (p < 0.01) for the association of CAVI and ABSI. In the meta-analysis, the pooled correlation coefficient estimate was 0.22 (95% CIs: 0.16, 0.28) for central arterial stiffness and ABSI, 0.21 (95% CIs: 0.14, 0.28) for peripheral arterial stiffness and ABSI, and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.3) for systemic arterial stiffness and ABSI. When pooled ORs were calculated, the pooled OR estimate was 2.12 (95% CIs: 1.68, 2.56) for central arterial stiffness and ABSI, 2.21 (95% CIs: 1.81, 2.60) for peripheral arterial stiffness and ABSI, and 2.99 (95% CIs: 2.14, 3.85) for systemic arterial stiffness and ABSI. Based on both the results obtained in the EVasCu study and the meta-analysis, there is a positive association between ABSI and arterial stiffness, both in healthy subjects and in participants with comorbidities. For each unit of cm/kg/m²/m increase in ABSI, the risk of arterial stiffness increased by 112% for central arterial stiffness, 121% for peripheral arterial stiffness, and 199% for systemic arterial stiffness. However, further research is needed in this field of knowledge.