Unveiling Lodderomyces elongisporus as an Emerging Yeast Pathogen: A Holistic Approach to Microbiological Diagnostic Strategies.

IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY Mycopathologia Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1007/s11046-024-00901-x
Watcharamat Muangkaew, Natthapaninee Thanomsridetchai, Marut Tangwattanachuleeporn, Sumate Ampawong, Passanesh Sukphopetch
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Abstract

Lodderomyces elongisporus, first isolated in 1952, has increasingly been recognized as a significant pathogen, with a notable rise in human infections since the 1970s. Initially misidentified as Candida parapsilosis due to morphological similarities, L. elongisporus has now been conclusively established as a distinct species, largely due to advancements in molecular biology, particularly DNA sequencing. This review traces the detection history of L. elongisporus, from the earliest documented cases to the most recent reports, underscoring its role as a causative agent in human infections. It also explores therapeutic strategies that have demonstrated efficacy, alongside instances of environmental contamination reported in international literature. A critical evaluation of diagnostic methodologies essential for precise identification is provided, including culture-based techniques such as colony morphology on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and chromogenic media, coupled with microscopic assessments using Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) and Gram staining. The ultrastructure of L. elongisporus, as observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), is also discussed. Furthermore, non-culture-based diagnostics, such as sugar utilization tests (API 20C AUX and the innovative in-house arabinose-based "Loddy" test) and antifungal susceptibility profiling, are reviewed, with a particular focus on molecular tools like ITS-DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS, which, despite their higher costs, offer unparalleled specificity. The accurate distinction and characterization of L. elongisporus are paramount, particularly in vulnerable and immunocompromised patients, where misdiagnosis can lead to severe consequences. This review advocates for intensified research efforts to develop more accessible diagnostic tools and deepen our understanding of this emerging pathogen, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes.

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揭示作为一种新兴酵母病原体的细长酵母菌:微生物诊断策略的整体方法。
细长霉菌(Lodderomyces elongisporus)于 1952 年首次被分离出来,人们越来越认识到它是一种重要的病原体,自 20 世纪 70 年代以来,人类感染病例显著增加。最初由于形态相似而被误认为是副丝状念珠菌(Candida parapsilosis),现在已经确定长孢子丝菌是一个独特的物种,这主要归功于分子生物学的进步,尤其是 DNA 测序。这篇综述追溯了长孢子菌的检测历史,从最早记录的病例到最新的报告,强调了它在人类感染中的致病作用。报告还探讨了已证明有效的治疗策略,以及国际文献中报道的环境污染案例。报告对精确鉴定所必需的诊断方法进行了批判性评估,包括基于培养的技术,如沙保鲁葡萄糖琼脂(SDA)和显色培养基上的菌落形态学,以及使用乳酚棉蓝(LPCB)和革兰氏染色进行的显微评估。此外,还讨论了在扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下观察到的长孢菌的超微结构。此外,还综述了非培养基诊断方法,如糖利用试验(API 20C AUX 和创新的内部基于阿拉伯糖的 "Loddy "试验)和抗真菌药敏性分析,并特别关注 ITS-DNA 测序和 MALDI-TOF MS 等分子工具,这些工具尽管成本较高,但却具有无与伦比的特异性。准确区分和鉴定长孢子菌至关重要,尤其是在易感人群和免疫力低下的患者中,误诊可能会导致严重后果。本综述提倡加强研究工作,以开发更方便的诊断工具,加深我们对这一新兴病原体的了解,最终改善患者的预后。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Mycopathologia
Mycopathologia 生物-真菌学
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
3.60%
发文量
76
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Mycopathologia is an official journal of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS). Mycopathologia was founded in 1938 with the mission to ‘diffuse the understanding of fungal diseases in man and animals among mycologists’. Many of the milestones discoveries in the field of medical mycology have been communicated through the pages of this journal. Mycopathologia covers a diverse, interdisciplinary range of topics that is unique in breadth and depth. The journal publishes peer-reviewed, original articles highlighting important developments concerning medically important fungi and fungal diseases. The journal highlights important developments in fungal systematics and taxonomy, laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections, antifungal drugs, clinical presentation and treatment, and epidemiology of fungal diseases globally. Timely opinion articles, mini-reviews, and other communications are usually invited at the discretion of the editorial board. Unique case reports highlighting unprecedented progress in the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections, are published in every issue of the journal. MycopathologiaIMAGE is another regular feature for a brief clinical report of potential interest to a mixed audience of physicians and laboratory scientists. MycopathologiaGENOME is designed for the rapid publication of new genomes of human and animal pathogenic fungi using a checklist-based, standardized format.
期刊最新文献
Disseminated Fusarium keratoplasticum Infection with Myocardial Involvement in an Adult Cord Blood Transplant Recipient. Unveiling Lodderomyces elongisporus as an Emerging Yeast Pathogen: A Holistic Approach to Microbiological Diagnostic Strategies. Three-Dose Antifungal Treatment Improves the Efficacy for Severe Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. In Situ Expression of TNF-α and IL-10 in Human Dermatophytosis Lesions due to Trichophyton rubrum. Emergence and Rapid Diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients by Next-Generation Sequencing.
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