Biopsychosocial Health Considerations for Astronauts in Long-Duration Spaceflight: A Narrative Review.

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI:10.1177/10806032241289106
Bradley N Barbour, Karolina Twardowska, Nicolò Favero, Payam Ghoddousi, Peter Hodkinson
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Abstract

Long-duration spaceflights beyond low-Earth orbit, including missions to the Moon and Mars, pose significant health risks. Although biomedical approaches commonly appear in the literature, considering psychological and social factors alongside physiologic health offers a more holistic approach to astronaut care. Integrating the biopsychosocial (BPS) framework into medical planning addresses complex spaceflight challenges and aids in developing mitigation strategies. This review examined health risks associated with long-duration spaceflight within a BPS framework. Sources included governmental space agencies, academic textbooks, and relevant publications from multiple databases. Considering the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Human Research Program's 5 main hazards, a conceptual model was developed to highlight the multifactorial BPS effects of spaceflight. In space, astronauts face unique environments and biological adaptations, including fluid shift, plasma volume loss, bone density loss, and muscle atrophy. Noise and the absence of natural light disrupt circadian rhythms, causing sleep disturbances and fatigue, which affect physical and mental health. Studies on crews in isolated and confined extreme environments reveal psychosocial challenges, including impaired mood and cognition, interpersonal tension, and miscommunication. International collaboration in spaceflight introduces differences in communication, problem solving, and social customs due to diverse cultural backgrounds. Upcoming long-distance missions likely will amplify these challenges. This review emphasizes BPS health considerations in long-duration spaceflight. It highlights the interplay among psychological, social, and biological factors, advocating for multidisciplinary teams and a holistic approach to astronaut health and mission planning and the potential added value of BPS perspectives in considering countermeasures.

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长期太空飞行中宇航员的生物心理社会健康考虑因素:叙述性评论。
超越低地球轨道的长期太空飞行,包括飞往月球和火星的任务,都会带来巨大的健康风险。虽然生物医学方法通常出现在文献中,但在考虑生理健康的同时考虑心理和社会因素为宇航员的护理提供了一种更全面的方法。将生物-心理-社会(BPS)框架纳入医疗规划可应对复杂的太空飞行挑战,并有助于制定缓解策略。本综述在 BPS 框架内研究了与长期太空飞行相关的健康风险。资料来源包括政府航天机构、学术教科书以及多个数据库中的相关出版物。考虑到美国国家航空航天局人类研究计划的 5 种主要危害,我们建立了一个概念模型,以突出太空飞行的多因素 BPS 影响。在太空中,宇航员面临着独特的环境和生物适应性,包括液体转移、血浆量减少、骨密度下降和肌肉萎缩。噪音和缺乏自然光会扰乱昼夜节律,导致睡眠紊乱和疲劳,从而影响身心健康。对处于孤立和封闭极端环境中的机组人员进行的研究显示,他们面临着社会心理方面的挑战,包括情绪和认知能力受损、人际关系紧张和沟通不畅。由于文化背景不同,航天飞行中的国际合作在沟通、解决问题和社会习俗方面存在差异。即将进行的远距离飞行任务很可能会加剧这些挑战。本综述强调了长期太空飞行中的 BPS 健康考虑因素。它强调了心理、社会和生物因素之间的相互作用,提倡多学科团队和整体方法来解决宇航员的健康和任务规划问题,以及在考虑应对措施时从 BPS 角度看问题的潜在附加值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
7.10%
发文量
96
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, the official journal of the Wilderness Medical Society, is the leading journal for physicians practicing medicine in austere environments. This quarterly journal features articles on all aspects of wilderness medicine, including high altitude and climbing, cold- and heat-related phenomena, natural environmental disasters, immersion and near-drowning, diving, and barotrauma, hazardous plants/animals/insects/marine animals, animal attacks, search and rescue, ethical and legal issues, aeromedial transport, survival physiology, medicine in remote environments, travel medicine, operational medicine, and wilderness trauma management. It presents original research and clinical reports from scientists and practitioners around the globe. WEM invites submissions from authors who want to take advantage of our established publication''s unique scope, wide readership, and international recognition in the field of wilderness medicine. Its readership is a diverse group of medical and outdoor professionals who choose WEM as their primary wilderness medical resource.
期刊最新文献
Facts All Come with Points of View. In response to regional anesthesia in the austere environment: Lessons learned from current out-of-hospital practice. In Response to Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Austere Environments by Fink et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Bark from Four North American Tree Species. The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Assist Lifeguards Identifying, Preventing, and Rescuing: A Systematic Review.
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