Hydrology and trophic flexibility structure alpine stream food webs in the Teton Range, Wyoming, USA

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70039
Karen L. Jorgenson, Scott Hotaling, Lusha M. Tronstad, Debra S. Finn, Sarah M. Collins
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Abstract

Understanding biotic interactions and how they vary across habitats is important for assessing the vulnerability of communities to climate change. Receding glaciers in high mountain areas can lead to the hydrologic homogenization of streams and reduce habitat heterogeneity, which are predicted to drive declines in regional diversity and imperil endemic species. However, little is known about food web structure in alpine stream habitats, particularly among streams fed by different hydrologic sources (e.g., glaciers or snowfields). We used gut content and stable isotope analyses to characterize food web structure of alpine macroinvertebrate communities in streams fed by glaciers, subterranean ice, and seasonal snowpack in the Teton Range, Wyoming, USA. Specifically, we sought to (1) assess community resource use among streams fed by different hydrologic sources, (2) explore how variability in resource use relates to feeding strategies, and (3) identify which environmental variables influenced resource use within communities. Average taxa diet differed among all hydrologic sources, and food webs in subterranean ice-fed streams were largely supported by the gold alga Hydrurus. This finding bolsters a hypothesis that streams fed by subterranean ice may provide key habitat for cold-water species under climate change by maintaining a longer growing season for this high-quality food resource. While a range of environmental variables associated with hydrologic source (e.g., stream temperature) were related to diet composition, hydrologic source categories explained the most variation in diet composition models. Less variable diets within versus among streams suggest high trophic flexibility, which was further supported by high levels of omnivory. This inherent trophic flexibility may bolster alpine stream communities against future changes in resource availability as the mountain cryosphere fades. Ultimately, our results expand understanding of the habitat requirements for imperiled alpine taxa while empowering predictions of their vulnerability under climate change.

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美国怀俄明州泰顿山脉高山溪流食物网的水文和营养灵活性结构
了解生物之间的相互作用及其在不同栖息地之间的差异,对于评估群落在气候变化面前的脆弱性非常重要。高山地区的冰川退缩会导致溪流水文同质化并降低栖息地的异质性,预计这将导致区域多样性下降并危及特有物种。然而,人们对高山溪流栖息地的食物网结构知之甚少,尤其是不同水文来源(如冰川或雪原)的溪流之间的食物网结构。在美国怀俄明州泰顿山脉由冰川、地下冰和季节性积雪提供水源的溪流中,我们利用肠道内容物和稳定同位素分析来描述高山大型无脊椎动物群落的食物网结构。具体来说,我们试图:(1)评估不同水文来源溪流中群落资源的利用情况;(2)探索资源利用的变化与摄食策略的关系;(3)确定哪些环境变量会影响群落内的资源利用。在所有水文来源中,平均分类群的食性各不相同,地下冰水哺育的溪流中的食物网主要由金色藻类水螅支持。这一发现支持了一个假设,即在气候变化的情况下,由地下冰哺育的溪流可能会为冷水物种提供关键的栖息地,因为这种优质食物资源的生长期更长。虽然与水文来源相关的一系列环境变量(如溪流温度)与食性组成有关,但水文来源类别解释了食性组成模型中的最大差异。溪流内部与溪流之间的食性差异较小,这表明溪流具有较高的营养灵活性,而高水平的杂食性则进一步证实了这一点。随着高山冰冻圈的消退,这种固有的营养灵活性可能会增强高山溪流群落应对未来资源可用性变化的能力。最终,我们的研究结果扩大了人们对濒危高山类群栖息地要求的了解,同时增强了对气候变化下这些类群脆弱性的预测。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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