Dongxu Zhou , Salma Tabassum , Jun Li , Huseyin Altundag
{"title":"Synergistic effect of reinforced cellulose nanofibrils/polyethylene glycol embedded particles in ammonia nitrogen wastewater: An in-depth microbial denitrification analysis","authors":"Dongxu Zhou , Salma Tabassum , Jun Li , Huseyin Altundag","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106336","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The encapsulation and immobilization technology provide a good growth environment for bacteria, strong protection ability, improved survival rate, and resistance to adverse environmental factors. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with polyhydroxyl structure improve the elasticity, tensile properties, mechanical strength and gel strength of embedded particles through non-covalent forces. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a water-soluble polymer with unique carbon‑oxygen chain as the core skeleton. The ether bonds present in each unit give PEG extremely strong hydrophilicity and solubility. CNF and PEG to reinforce SA (sodium alginate) and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)-SA embedded particle were adopted to treat ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The ammonia diffusion coefficients and oxygen diffusion coefficients of the CNF/PEG/SA and CNF/PEG/PVA-SA were 0.454 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, 0.286 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, 0.672 × 10<sup>−9</sup> and 0.493 × 10<sup>−9</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s, respectively. The physicochemical properties of embedded particles were characterized by mass transfer characterization, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis. The specific surface areas of CNF/PEG/SA and CNF/PEG/PVA-SA increased to 2.583 m<sup>2</sup>/g and 3.962 m<sup>2</sup>/g, respectively. The removal efficiency of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, COD and TN in the CNF/PEG/PVA-SA system was 90 %, 74 % and 80 % at 30 °C. By HRT 8 h, the removal efficiency of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, chemical oxygen demand (COD)and total nitrogen (TN) by the reinforced system was 94.35 %, 63.07 % and 73.84 %, respectively. The neutral to weakly alkaline pH range showed the highest removal efficiencies of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, COD, and TN, at 88.51 %, 74.95 %, and 77.56 %, respectively. The half-saturation constant K was 82.98 mg/L, and the maximum ammonia oxidation rate (V<sub>max</sub>) was 358.92 mgN/(L-particles-h). The reinforced system showed zero-order reaction kinetics. Nonlinear fitting of each initial NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N concentration and ammonia oxidation rate was carried out using the Michaelis-Menten equation. In reinforced embedded particles, microbial genomic data (KEGG; MetaCyc database annotation) analysis was conducted. The reinforced system demonstrated enhanced strength, specific surface area, mass transfer properties, resistance to adverse external environmental factors, and microbial survival rate for the effective treatment of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106336"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of water process engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221471442401568X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The encapsulation and immobilization technology provide a good growth environment for bacteria, strong protection ability, improved survival rate, and resistance to adverse environmental factors. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with polyhydroxyl structure improve the elasticity, tensile properties, mechanical strength and gel strength of embedded particles through non-covalent forces. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a water-soluble polymer with unique carbon‑oxygen chain as the core skeleton. The ether bonds present in each unit give PEG extremely strong hydrophilicity and solubility. CNF and PEG to reinforce SA (sodium alginate) and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)-SA embedded particle were adopted to treat ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The ammonia diffusion coefficients and oxygen diffusion coefficients of the CNF/PEG/SA and CNF/PEG/PVA-SA were 0.454 × 10−9, 0.286 × 10−9, 0.672 × 10−9 and 0.493 × 10−9 m2/s, respectively. The physicochemical properties of embedded particles were characterized by mass transfer characterization, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis. The specific surface areas of CNF/PEG/SA and CNF/PEG/PVA-SA increased to 2.583 m2/g and 3.962 m2/g, respectively. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N, COD and TN in the CNF/PEG/PVA-SA system was 90 %, 74 % and 80 % at 30 °C. By HRT 8 h, the removal efficiency of NH4+-N, chemical oxygen demand (COD)and total nitrogen (TN) by the reinforced system was 94.35 %, 63.07 % and 73.84 %, respectively. The neutral to weakly alkaline pH range showed the highest removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, COD, and TN, at 88.51 %, 74.95 %, and 77.56 %, respectively. The half-saturation constant K was 82.98 mg/L, and the maximum ammonia oxidation rate (Vmax) was 358.92 mgN/(L-particles-h). The reinforced system showed zero-order reaction kinetics. Nonlinear fitting of each initial NH4+-N concentration and ammonia oxidation rate was carried out using the Michaelis-Menten equation. In reinforced embedded particles, microbial genomic data (KEGG; MetaCyc database annotation) analysis was conducted. The reinforced system demonstrated enhanced strength, specific surface area, mass transfer properties, resistance to adverse external environmental factors, and microbial survival rate for the effective treatment of NH4+-N wastewater.
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The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies
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