Sustainable management of petrochemical wastewater using algal-bacterial granules followed by biogas and biochar production: A techno-economic perspective
Hani Ezz , Mona G. Ibrahim , Manabu Fujii , Mahmoud Nasr
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Abstract
Despite several studies on algae-bacterial systems for treating industrial wastewater, there remains a gap in research focused on the recyclability of the resulting sludge to ensure economically sustainable waste management. Hence, this study focuses on utilizing the ABGS technique to treat petrochemical wastewater laden with mono-ethylene glycol (MEG), then managing the produced sludge using the anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis processes. The bioreactor containing ABGS (RA-B) was operated by increasing the MEG loading rates (GLR) from 2 to 8 kg/m3/d for 90 days, and its performance was compared with the bioreactor including bacterial granular sludge (RB). The chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, total inorganic nitrogen, and phosphorus removal efficiencies for RA-B were better than the RB unit by 6.23 %, 8.13 %, 37.67 %, and 19.24 %, respectively, at GLR = 4 kg/m3/d. The anaerobic digestion of the exhausted RA-B granules for 40 days obtained a biogas recovery of 220 ± 11.25 mL/g VS, higher than the RB digestion scenario by 13.4 %. The sludge digestate was thermally treated to yield 0.68 g biochar/g, with an O:C molar ratio < 0.2 and P content of 23 %. The economic feasibility of the combined ABGS/digestion/pyrolysis scheme could earn profits from pollutants' shadow price, biogas sales, biochar marketing, and carbon credits, achieving 8.93-year payback period. Because the RA-B granules could fulfill sustainable development goals related to climate change mitigation, and human health and aquatic life protection, future studies should focus on understanding the microbial consortia responsible for MEG degradation and determining the different biochar applications.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies
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