Optimized photocatalytic degradation of dyes using Ag and Cu-Doped ZnS quantum dots embedded in PVA membranes

IF 3.9 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Materials Science and Engineering B-advanced Functional Solid-state Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1016/j.mseb.2024.117777

S. Murugan, M. Ashokkumar

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Abstract

In this study, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) dual-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS) photocatalysts were synthesized using the coprecipitation method and tested for their efficiency in degrading dyes such as Acid Orange, Auramine O, Methylene Blue, Methyl Orange, Rhodamine B, and Crystal Violet under sunlight. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a cubic structure with high phase purity, and Ag doping reduced the crystalline size. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed crumpled quantum dots (QDs), while ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy showed bandgaps of 3.73, 3.71, and 3.63 eV for Cu, (Cu, 1 % Ag), and (Cu, 2 % Ag)-doped ZnS QDs, respectively. The inclusion of Ag reduced the bandgap, enhancing photocatalytic performance. The degradation efficiencies were 93.09 %, 99.49 %, and 99.95 % for Cu, (Cu, 1 % Ag), and (Cu, 2 % Ag)-doped ZnS QDs, respectively, after 180 min. Dual doping significantly improved performance over Cu-doped QDs, with a rate constant of 49.99 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ and an R² value of 0.9374. Ag ions further enhanced activity by reducing electron-hole recombination. Additionally, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-embedded ZCA3 QDs demonstrated high reusability over five cycles. The study also investigated the effects of dosage, dye variation, and hemolytic activity.

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利用嵌入 PVA 膜的银和铜掺杂 ZnS 量子点优化染料的光催化降解

本研究采用共沉淀法合成了银（Ag）和铜（Cu）双掺杂硫化锌（ZnS）光催化剂，并测试了它们在日光下降解酸性橙、金胺 O、亚甲基蓝、甲基橙、罗丹明 B 和水晶紫等染料的效率。X 射线衍射（XRD）证实，该化合物具有立方结构，相纯度高，掺杂的银降低了结晶尺寸。透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示了皱缩的量子点（QDs），而紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）显示，铜、（Cu，1 % Ag）和（Cu，2 % Ag）掺杂的 ZnS QDs 的带隙分别为 3.73、3.71 和 3.63 eV。银的加入降低了带隙，从而提高了光催化性能。180 分钟后，Cu、（Cu，1 % Ag）和（Cu，2 % Ag）掺杂的 ZnS QDs 的降解效率分别为 93.09 %、99.49 % 和 99.95 %。与掺铜的 QDs 相比，双重掺杂大大提高了性能，其速率常数为 49.99 × 10-3 min-1，R2 值为 0.9374。银离子通过减少电子-空穴重组进一步提高了活性。此外，嵌入聚乙烯醇（PVA）的 ZCA3 QDs 在五个周期内表现出很高的重复利用率。研究还调查了剂量、染料变化和溶血活性的影响。

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来源期刊

Materials Science and Engineering B-advanced Functional Solid-state Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

2.80%

发文量

481

审稿时长

3.5 months

期刊介绍： The journal provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies and reviews related to the electronic, electrochemical, ionic, magnetic, optical, and biosensing properties of solid state materials in bulk, thin film and particulate forms. Papers dealing with synthesis, processing, characterization, structure, physical properties and computational aspects of nano-crystalline, crystalline, amorphous and glassy forms of ceramics, semiconductors, layered insertion compounds, low-dimensional compounds and systems, fast-ion conductors, polymers and dielectrics are viewed as suitable for publication. Articles focused on nano-structured aspects of these advanced solid-state materials will also be considered suitable.