Synthesis and application of polyurethane-modified silicone softener for enhanced fabric softness and elasticity

Abstract

Although silicone softeners are widely used in textile processing and finishing, elasticity and wash durability improvements remain necessary. In this study, a new bifunctional hydroxysilane coupling agent (KHP) was designed and synthesized. KHP was used as a chain extender incorporated into the polyurethane segments, then reacted with linear hydroxyl silicone oil (PMX500) through a condensation reaction, resulting in a polyurethane-grafted silicone finishing agent (KHP-PU). The KHP-PU was applied to polyamide fabric using a pad-dry-cure process, and the treated fabric was systematically evaluated for surface characteristics and hand-feel properties. Results demonstrated that KHP-PU significantly enhanced the fabric's softness and elasticity while improving its mechanical and antistatic properties. Moreover, adjusting the amount of KHP in KHP-PU effectively regulates the distribution of polysiloxane segments on the fiber surface, optimizing the fabric's handle. This study provides innovative insights for designing and developing new multifunctional softeners to create advanced textile materials with enhanced consumer appeal.