Prolactin: structure, receptors, and functions.

IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1007/s11154-024-09915-8
Fanny Chasseloup, Valérie Bernard, Philippe Chanson
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Abstract

Prolactin (PRL) is a 23-kDa protein synthesized and secreted by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland but also by other peripheral tissues. PRL binds directly to a unique transmembrane receptor (PRLR), and the JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) pathway is considered the major downstream pathway for PRLR signaling. To a lesser extent, PRL may be cleaved into the shorter 16-kDa PRL, also called vasoinhibin, whose signaling is not fully known. According to rodent models of PRL signaling inactivation and the identification of human genetic alterations in PRL signaling, a growing number of biological processes are partly mediated by PRL or its downstream effectors. In this review, we focused on PRL structure and signaling and its canonical function in reproduction. In addition to regulating reproductive functions, PRL also plays a role in behavior, notably in initiating nurturing and maternal behavior. We also included recent insights into PRL function in several fields, including migraines, metabolic homeostasis, inflammatory and autoimmune disease, and cancer. Despite the complexity of understanding the many functions of PRL, new research in this field offers interesting perspectives on physiological and pathophysiological processes.

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催乳素:结构、受体和功能。
催乳素(PRL)是一种 23 kDa 蛋白质,由垂体前叶的泌乳细胞合成和分泌,也可由其他外周组织合成和分泌。PRL 直接与一种独特的跨膜受体(PRLR)结合,JAK2/信号转导和激活转录 5(Stat5)途径被认为是 PRLR 信号转导的主要下游途径。在较小程度上,PRL 可能会被裂解成较短的 16-kDa PRL,也称为血管抑制素,其信号传导尚不完全清楚。根据PRL信号失活的啮齿动物模型和PRL信号转导中人类基因改变的鉴定,越来越多的生物过程部分由PRL或其下游效应物介导。在这篇综述中,我们重点讨论了PRL的结构和信号传导及其在生殖中的典型功能。除了调节生殖功能外,PRL还在行为中发挥作用,尤其是在启动哺育和母性行为方面。我们还介绍了 PRL 在偏头痛、代谢平衡、炎症和自身免疫性疾病以及癌症等多个领域的最新功能。尽管对 PRL 多种功能的理解非常复杂,但这一领域的新研究为生理和病理生理过程提供了有趣的视角。
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来源期刊
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
14.70
自引率
1.20%
发文量
75
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders is an international journal dedicated to the field of endocrinology and metabolism. It aims to provide the latest advancements in this rapidly advancing field to students, clinicians, and researchers. Unlike other journals, each quarterly issue of this review journal focuses on a specific topic and features ten to twelve articles written by world leaders in the field. These articles provide brief overviews of the latest developments, offering insights into both the basic aspects of the disease and its clinical implications. This format allows individuals in all areas of the field, including students, academic clinicians, and practicing clinicians, to understand the disease process and apply their knowledge to their specific areas of interest. The journal also includes selected readings and other essential references to encourage further in-depth exploration of specific topics.
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