Exploring risk factors for depression: a network analysis

Jonatan Baños-Chaparro
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Abstract

Introduction

Depression is a frequent psychological problem in the general population. There are no single conclusive causes for its development; on the contrary, it arises from the interaction of other emotional disorders. Determining risk factors is a primary objective to identify vulnerable individuals and optimize prevention.

Objective

To analyze risk factors of the depression through network analysis in Peruvian adults from the general population.

Methods

Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A total of 567 Peruvian adults who answered several instruments assessing depressive symptoms, insomnia, suicidal ideation and anxiety participated. An undirected network model with all psychological variables and a predictive path diagram was estimated to identify risk factors for depression. Measures of centrality, precision and stability were also analyzed. Results: The network structure showed that depression, insomnia, suicidal ideation, and anxiety were mutually associated. In terms of expected influence and predictability, depression obtained the highest value, followed by anxiety. In the prediction plot, all psychological variables were directly connected with depression, with anxiety having the highest connection. The tests of accuracy and stability (CS = 0,75), were robust.

Conclusions

The results of the study suggest that problems with insomnia, suicidal ideation, and anxiety, are considerable risk factors for depression. Identifying and intervening early on those risk factors in adults in the general population could help to prevent the development of depressive symptoms.
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探索抑郁症的风险因素:网络分析。
简介抑郁症是常见的大众心理问题。抑郁症的发病原因并不单一,相反,它是由其他情绪障碍相互作用引起的。确定风险因素是识别易感人群和优化预防措施的首要目标:通过网络分析,分析秘鲁成年人抑郁症的风险因素:方法:采用定量方法进行横断面研究。共有 567 名秘鲁成年人参与了这项研究,他们回答了几种评估抑郁症状、失眠、自杀意念和焦虑的工具。研究人员估算了一个包含所有心理变量和预测路径图的无定向网络模型,以确定抑郁症的风险因素。此外,还对中心性、精确性和稳定性进行了分析:网络结构显示,抑郁、失眠、自杀意念和焦虑相互关联。在预期影响力和可预测性方面,抑郁症的数值最高,其次是焦虑症。在预测图中,所有心理变量都与抑郁直接相关,其中焦虑的关联度最高。准确性和稳定性测试(CS = 0.75)结果良好:研究结果表明,失眠问题、自杀倾向和焦虑是抑郁症的重要危险因素。及早发现并干预普通人群中成年人的这些风险因素,有助于预防抑郁症状的出现。
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