Exploring Therapeutic Strategies: The Relationship between Metabolic Disorders and FOXO Signalling in Alzheimer's Disease.

Parneet Kaur, Heena Khan, Amarjot Kaur Grewal, Kamal Dua, Sachin Kumar Singh, Gaurav Gupta, Thakur Gurjeet Singh
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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is an ailment that is linked with the degeneration of the brain cells, and this illness is the main cause of dementia. Metabolic stress affects the activity of the brain in AD via FOXO signaling. The occurrence of AD will significantly surge as the world's population ages, along with lifestyle changes perceived in current decades, indicating a main contributor to such augmented prevalence. Similarly, metabolic disorders of current adulthood, such as obesity, stroke, and diabetes mellitus, have been observed as the risk-causing factors of AD. Environmental influences induce genetic mutations that result in the development of several diseases. Metabolic disorders develop when individuals are exposed to an environment where food is easily accessible and requires minimal energy expenditure. Obesity and diabetes are among the most significant worldwide health concerns. Obesity arises because of an imbalance between the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy expended, which is caused by both behavioral and physiological factors. Obesity, insulin resistance syndrome, hypertension, and inflammation are factors that contribute to the worldwide risk of developing diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases. FOXO transcription factors are preserved molecules that play an important part in assorted biological progressions, precisely in aging as well as metabolism. Apoptosis, cell division and differentiation, oxidative stress, metabolism, and lifespan are among the physiological processes that the FOXO proteins are adept at controlling. In this review, we explored the correlation between signaling pathways and the cellular functions of FOXO proteins. We have also summarized the intricate role of FOXO in AD, with a focus on metabolic stress, and discussed the prospect of FOXO as a molecular link between AD and metabolic disorders.

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探索治疗策略:阿尔茨海默病中代谢紊乱与 FOXO 信号之间的关系。
阿尔茨海默病是一种与脑细胞变性有关的疾病,这种疾病是导致痴呆症的主要原因。代谢压力会通过 FOXO 信号转导影响老年痴呆症患者大脑的活动。随着世界人口的老龄化,以及当前几十年生活方式的改变,注意力缺失症的发病率将大幅上升,这表明注意力缺失症是导致发病率上升的主要原因。同样,肥胖、中风和糖尿病等成年期代谢紊乱也被认为是导致注意力缺失症的危险因素。环境影响会诱发基因突变,导致多种疾病的发生。当个体处于食物容易获取且只需极少能量消耗的环境中时,就会出现代谢紊乱。肥胖症和糖尿病是全球最重要的健康问题之一。肥胖症的产生是由于行为和生理因素造成的能量消耗和能量消耗之间的不平衡。肥胖、胰岛素抵抗综合征、高血压和炎症是导致全球糖尿病和神经退行性疾病发病风险的因素。FOXO 转录因子是一种保留下来的分子,在各种生物进程中发挥着重要作用,尤其是在衰老和新陈代谢方面。细胞凋亡、细胞分裂和分化、氧化应激、新陈代谢和寿命都是 FOXO 蛋白擅长控制的生理过程。在这篇综述中,我们探讨了信号通路与 FOXO 蛋白的细胞功能之间的相关性。我们还总结了 FOXO 在注意力缺失症中的复杂作用,重点是代谢压力,并讨论了 FOXO 作为注意力缺失症和代谢紊乱之间的分子联系的前景。
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