{"title":"A complete sojourn on exosomes: Potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents","authors":"Sonakshi Garg , Gurisha Garg , Preeti Patel , Manish Kumar , Shubham Thakur , Nitin Sharma , Balak Das Kurmi","doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2024.155674","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exosomes are vesicles produced by the human body for carrying certain information from one cell to another. The carriers are nanosized vesicles carrying a wide variety of cargo like RNA, DNA, and proteins. Exosomes are also being used in the early diagnosis of various diseases and disorders. Current research focuses on exosomes tailoring for achieving therapeutic potential in various diseases and disorders. Besides this, their biocompatibility, stability, adjustable efficacy, and targeting properties make them attractive vehicles for formulation developers. Various preclinical studies suggested that the exosome culture cells are also modified with certain genes to achieve the desirable properties of resultant exosomes. The human body also produces some other vesicles like Ectosomes and Exomeres produced along with exosomes. Additionally, vesicles like Migrasomes are produced by migrating cells and apoptotic bodies, and Oncosomes are produced by cancer cells which can also be useful for the diagnosis of various diseases and disorders. For the separation of desired exosomes from other vesicles some latest techniques that can be useful viz differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and immunoaffinity purification have been discussed. Briefly, this review summarized various techniques of isolation of purified exosomes along with an overview of the application of exosomes in various neurodegenerative disorders and cancer along with various latest aspects of exosomes in disease progression and management which might be beneficial for the researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19916,"journal":{"name":"Pathology, research and practice","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 155674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pathology, research and practice","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0344033824005855","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PATHOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles produced by the human body for carrying certain information from one cell to another. The carriers are nanosized vesicles carrying a wide variety of cargo like RNA, DNA, and proteins. Exosomes are also being used in the early diagnosis of various diseases and disorders. Current research focuses on exosomes tailoring for achieving therapeutic potential in various diseases and disorders. Besides this, their biocompatibility, stability, adjustable efficacy, and targeting properties make them attractive vehicles for formulation developers. Various preclinical studies suggested that the exosome culture cells are also modified with certain genes to achieve the desirable properties of resultant exosomes. The human body also produces some other vesicles like Ectosomes and Exomeres produced along with exosomes. Additionally, vesicles like Migrasomes are produced by migrating cells and apoptotic bodies, and Oncosomes are produced by cancer cells which can also be useful for the diagnosis of various diseases and disorders. For the separation of desired exosomes from other vesicles some latest techniques that can be useful viz differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and immunoaffinity purification have been discussed. Briefly, this review summarized various techniques of isolation of purified exosomes along with an overview of the application of exosomes in various neurodegenerative disorders and cancer along with various latest aspects of exosomes in disease progression and management which might be beneficial for the researchers.
期刊介绍：
Pathology, Research and Practice provides accessible coverage of the most recent developments across the entire field of pathology: Reviews focus on recent progress in pathology, while Comments look at interesting current problems and at hypotheses for future developments in pathology. Original Papers present novel findings on all aspects of general, anatomic and molecular pathology. Rapid Communications inform readers on preliminary findings that may be relevant for further studies and need to be communicated quickly. Teaching Cases look at new aspects or special diagnostic problems of diseases and at case reports relevant for the pathologist''s practice.
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