Jurisdiction and Afro-Brazilian Legal Politics from Colonialism to Early Independence

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Past & Present Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1093/pastj/gtae028
Jake Subryan Richards
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Abstract

Every empire in the Americas developed a law of slavery that connected the forced transoceanic migration of enslaved people with land-based economic production and social life. Competing conceptions of jurisdiction over land and sea emerged from legal processes regarding slavery in the transition from colonial Portuguese rule to early independence in Brazil. Both the Portuguese monarch and post-independence Brazilian ministers sought to assert jurisdiction over residents inside the territory, including enslaved people. Their attempts to do so created social conflicts in which enslaved people put forth their own visions of jurisdiction and justice. Afro-Brazilian people developed a legal politics that drew upon diasporic maritime connections to overturn enslavement. The legal politics of cases regarding uprisings and contraband slave-trading animated concerns among judges and imperial administrators about effective legal order. A revolutionary movement in 1798 contested Portuguese colonial sovereignty with a vision of free-trade popular sovereignty. The monarch’s transfer from Portugal to Brazil in 1808 opened a small route for enslaved people to petition the crown for freedom based on innovative readings of free soil. A major case of capture in 1851 illuminated how the naval court judge adjudicated the case as the capture of an enemy. Captive African people testified in court to gain collective freedom in a liminal space. These claims to freedom raised important questions about legal equality and freedom from illegal trafficking for all people held in slavery in Brazil.
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从殖民主义到独立初期的管辖权与非裔巴西人的法律政治
美洲的每个帝国都制定了奴隶制法律,将被奴役者被迫跨洋移徙与陆地经济生产和社会生活联系起来。在巴西从葡萄牙殖民统治向早期独立过渡的过程中,有关奴隶制的法律程序产生了对陆地和海洋管辖权的相互竞争的概念。葡萄牙君主和独立后的巴西大臣都试图对领土内的居民(包括被奴役者)行使管辖权。他们的这一企图引发了社会冲突,在冲突中,被奴役者提出了自己对管辖权和正义的看法。非裔巴西人发展了一种法律政治,利用散居海外的海上联系来推翻奴役。有关起义和违禁奴隶贸易案件的法律政治激发了法官和帝国管理者对有效法律秩序的关注。1798 年的一场革命运动以自由贸易人民主权的愿景对葡萄牙的殖民主权提出了质疑。1808 年,君主从葡萄牙迁往巴西,这为被奴役者根据对自由土壤的创新解读向王室请求自由开辟了一条小路。1851 年发生的一起重大俘虏案件揭示了海军法庭法官如何将案件判定为俘虏敌人。被俘虏的非洲人在法庭上作证,以求在边缘空间获得集体自由。这些自由诉求提出了关于巴西所有被奴役者的法律平等和免遭非法贩运的重要问题。
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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