Protecting our future: environmental hazards and children's health in the face of environmental threats: a comprehensive overview.

IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI:10.3345/cep.2023.01578
Jungha Lee, Hyo-Bin Kim, Hun-Jong Jung, Myunghee Chung, So Eun Park, Kon-Hee Lee, Won Seop Kim, Jin-Hwa Moon, Jung Won Lee, Jae Won Shim, Sang Soo Lee, Yunkoo Kang, Young Yoo
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Abstract

Children face the excitement of a changing world but also encounter environmental threats to their health that were neither known nor suspected several decades ago. Children are at particular risk of exposure to pollutants that are widely dispersed in the air, water, and food. Children and adolescents are exposed to chemical, physical, and biological risks at home, in school, and elsewhere. Actions are needed to reduce these risks for children exposed to a series of environmental hazards. Exposure to a number of persistent environmental pollutants including air pollutants, endocrine disruptors, noise, electromagnetic waves (EMWs), tobacco and other noxious substances, heavy metals, and microplastics, is linked to damage to the nervous and immune systems and affects reproductive function and development. Exposure to environmental hazards is responsible for several acute and chronic diseases that have replaced infectious diseases as the principal cause of illnesses and death during childhood. Children are disproportionately exposed to environmental toxicities. Children drink more water, eat more food, and breathe more frequently than adults. As a result, children have a substantially heavier exposure to toxins present in water, food, or air than adults. In addition, their hand-to-mouth behaviors and the fact that they live and play close to the ground make them more vulnerable than adults. Children undergo rapid growth and development processes that are easily disrupted. These systems are very delicate and cannot adequately repair thetional development in children's environmental health was the Declaration of the Environment Leaders of the Eight on Children's Environmental Health by the Group of Eight. In 2002, the World Health Organization launched an initiative to improve children's environmental protection effort. Here, we review major environmental pollutants and related hazards among children and adolescents.

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保护我们的未来:面对环境威胁的环境危害和儿童健康:全面概述。
儿童面临着不断变化的世界所带来的刺激,但同时也遇到了环境对其健康的威胁,而这些威胁在几十年前既不为人所知,也不为人所怀疑。儿童尤其有可能接触到广泛散布于空气、水和食物中的污染物。儿童和青少年在家中、学校和其他地方都面临着化学、物理和生物风险。我们需要采取行动,降低儿童暴露于一系列环境危害中的风险。暴露于一些持久性环境污染物,包括空气污染物、内分泌干扰物、噪音、电磁波、烟草和其他有害物质、重金属和微塑料,会对神经和免疫系统造成损害,并影响生殖功能和发育。暴露于环境危害是多种急性和慢性疾病的罪魁祸首,这些疾病已取代传染病成为儿童期疾病和死亡的主要原因。儿童受环境毒物的影响尤为严重。儿童比成年人喝更多的水、吃更多的食物、呼吸更频繁。因此,与成人相比,儿童接触到的水、食物或空气中的毒素要多得多。此外,他们手口并用的行为以及他们贴近地面生活和玩耍的事实,也使他们比成年人更容易受到伤害。儿童的生长发育过程非常迅速,很容易受到干扰。这些系统非常脆弱,无法充分修复环境毒素造成的损害。儿童环境健康方面的第一个国际进展是八国集团发表的《八国集团环境领导人关于儿童环境健康的宣言》。2002 年,世界卫生组织发起了一项旨在改善儿童环境保护工作的倡议。在此,我们回顾了主要的环境污染物以及对儿童和青少年的相关危害。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
2.40%
发文量
88
审稿时长
60 weeks
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