Optimal duration of whole-body cryostimulation exposure to achieve target skin temperature: influence of body mass index-a randomized cross-over controlled trial.

Abstract

Background: The efficacy of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) may be influenced by individual characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal exposure time required to reach the analgesic threshold of 13.6 °C, which has been proposed to be a target temperature to be reached at skin level. Our objective is also to follow the skin temperature changes during and after WBC considering the participants body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Thirty healthy men were assigned into 2 groups based on their BMI [normal weight (n = 15; BMI = 21.53 ± 1.63 kg·m^-2) and overweight (n = 15; BMI = 27.98 ± 1.16 kg·m^-2)]. In a random order, each participant experienced a 4-min WBC exposure, as well as a control session with no cold exposure. Skin temperature was measured using a thermal imaging camera during and after cold exposure.

Results: Normal weight participants reached the threshold in 4 min, whereas overweight participants reached it in 3 min 30 s. Following WBC, a rapid mean skin temperature (MsT°) increase was observed for both groups, immediately after exposure. However, after 30 min, MsT° remained significantly lower than at baseline.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that appropriate WBC dosage may differ according to BMI. Understanding the impact of such variable on cold exposure outcomes can help to optimize WBC treatments and maximize potential benefits.