Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a Predictor of Prolonged Functional Recovery from Sports-Related Concussion in High School Athletes.
Kyoko Shirahata, Shinobu Nishimura, Jong-Soo Lee, Rachel A Coel, Jennifer King, Troy Furutani, Nathan Murata, Kaori Tamura
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Context: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been speculated to prolong concussion recovery; however, the evidence regarding concussion recovery for individuals with ADHD is limited.
Objective: To examine the concussion recovery time based on ADHD status, sex, and age.
Design: Cross-Sectional Study.
Setting: High school.
Participants: 935 (female n=382, 40.1%) concussions including 78 (female n=13, 20.0%) self-identified ADHD data were analyzed.
Main outcome measures: A Poisson regression was utilized to estimate the Return- to-Learn (RTL) and Return-to-Sport (RTS) recovery outcomes with three predicting variables: ADHD status, sex, and age.
Results: The mean RTL days of the ADHD and non-ADHD groups were 12.86 ± 10.89 (Median 11.0; IQR=8; 7.0-15.25) and 1.43 ± 8.39 (Median 9.0; IQR=9.0; 6.0-14.0), respectively. The mean RTS days of the ADHD and non-ADHD groups were 20.82 ± 15.25 days (Median 17.0; IQR=9; 12.0-21.0) and 18.03 ± 11.42 days (Median 15.0; IQR=10.0; 11.0-21.0), respectively. For RTL, the ADHD status (RR=1.16, 95%CI:1.08, 1.24, p<.001) and female sex (RR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.17, p<.001) were significant variables for longer recovery, while the age was not (RR=0.995, 95%CI: 0.98, 1.01, p=.056). For RTS, the ADHD status (RR=1.17, 95%CI:1.12,1.23, p<.001), female sex (RR=1.07, 95%CI:1.04, 1.11, p<.001), and younger age (RR=0.98, 95%CI:0.96, 0.99, p<.001) were all significant variables for longer recovery.
Conclusions: Healthcare providers must be aware of the elevated risk of prolonged concussion recovery among high school athletes with ADHD.
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The mission of the Journal of Athletic Training is to enhance communication among professionals interested in the quality of health care for the physically active through education and research in prevention, evaluation, management and rehabilitation of injuries.
The Journal of Athletic Training offers research you can use in daily practice. It keeps you abreast of scientific advancements that ultimately define professional standards of care - something you can''t be without if you''re responsible for the well-being of patients.
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