Green synthesis of N-doped-carbon dots/ZnO for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye: optimization of reaction parameters.

IF 5.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Science and Pollution Research Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1007/s11356-024-35433-w
Neeru Rani, Sandeep Kumar, Krishan Kumar
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Abstract

In this research work, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) adorned zinc oxide nanoparticles (N-CDs/ZnO) were successfully synthesized by a simple and cost-effective solution dispersion method and later on used as photocatalyst for decontamination of aqueous methylene blue (MB) dye on irradiation of UV light (300 W, 320-400 nm) at room temperature. Both the N-CDs and ZnO were prepared through green technique utilizing non-toxic, inexpensive and eco-friendly precursors, namely Foeniculum vulgare and Psidium guajava leaf extract, respectively. All the synthesized samples exhibited crystalline nature with average diameter of particle 4.42 nm, 12.38 nm and 14.11 nm corresponding to N-CDs, ZnO and N-CDs/ZnO, respectively. Further, band gap energy value (Eg) of 3.43, 2.76 and 2.49 eV for N-CDs, ZnO and N-CDs/ZnO, respectively, were obtained by using Tauc's plot. The photocatalytic capability of the sample N-CDs/ZnO was compared with bare ZnO nanoparticles, utilizing identical experimental conditions. The results demonstrated that the composite exhibited notably higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency than bare ZnO nanoparticles up to 15.54%. Lower band gap value of N-CDs/ZnO was the major factor for exhibiting this behaviour, decreasing the recombination rate and thus enhancing the efficiency. Furthermore, N-CDs/ZnO exhibited 98.17% MB degradation under optimized conditions (0.03 g, 5 ppm, pH 10). The resultant N-CDs/ZnO exhibited good stability and decontamination efficiency up to five cycles with efficiency loss of only 7.89%. Along with, trapping experiments was conducted to analyze the role of active species involved for deep understanding of mechanism. The order of efficiency of active constituents was observed to be: O2-  > h+  > OH. The study analyzed the non-toxic nature of treated water, revealing normal plant growth, suggesting its potential use in irrigation of parks and roadside areas. Overall, present research work obeys the green chemistry principles with the fabrication of highly efficient, eco-friendly, cost-effective photocatalyst N-CDs/ZnO by utilizing the green precursors for the whole research work.

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用于增强亚甲基蓝染料光催化降解的掺 N 碳点/氧化锌的绿色合成:反应参数的优化。
在这项研究工作中,采用简单、经济高效的溶液分散法成功合成了氮掺杂碳点(N-CDs)缀合氧化锌纳米粒子(N-CDs/ZnO),随后将其用作光催化剂,在室温紫外线(300 W,320-400 nm)照射下净化亚甲基蓝(MB)染料水溶液。N-CDs 和 ZnO 都是通过绿色技术制备的,分别使用了无毒、廉价和环保的前体,即茴香和番石榴叶提取物。所有合成样品均呈结晶状,N-CDs、ZnO 和 N-CDs/ZnO 的平均颗粒直径分别为 4.42 nm、12.38 nm 和 14.11 nm。此外,通过陶氏图,N-CDs、ZnO 和 N-CDs/ZnO 的带隙能值(Eg)分别为 3.43、2.76 和 2.49 eV。在相同的实验条件下,将样品 N-CDs/ZnO 与裸 ZnO 纳米颗粒的光催化能力进行了比较。结果表明,复合材料的光催化降解效率明显高于裸 ZnO 纳米粒子,最高可达 15.54%。N-CDs/ZnO 的带隙值较低,降低了重组率,从而提高了效率,这是导致这种行为的主要因素。此外,在优化条件下(0.03 克,5 ppm,pH 值 10),N-CDs/氧化锌的甲基溴降解率为 98.17%。生成的 N-CDs/ZnO 具有良好的稳定性和去污效率,可循环使用五次,效率损失仅为 7.89%。与此同时,还进行了诱捕实验,以分析相关活性物种的作用,从而深入了解其机理。据观察,活性成分的效率顺序为-O2- > h+ > -OH。研究分析了处理后的水的无毒性,发现植物生长正常,这表明它在公园和路边灌溉中具有潜在的用途。总之,本研究工作符合绿色化学原理,利用绿色前体制造出了高效、环保、经济的光催化剂 N-CDs/ZnO。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
17.20%
发文量
6549
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) serves the international community in all areas of Environmental Science and related subjects with emphasis on chemical compounds. This includes: - Terrestrial Biology and Ecology - Aquatic Biology and Ecology - Atmospheric Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology/Biobased Energy Sources - Phytoremediation and Ecosystem Restoration - Environmental Analyses and Monitoring - Assessment of Risks and Interactions of Pollutants in the Environment - Conservation Biology and Sustainable Agriculture - Impact of Chemicals/Pollutants on Human and Animal Health It reports from a broad interdisciplinary outlook.
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