Differences in metabolic syndrome severity and prevalence across nine waist circumference measurements collected from smartphone digital anthropometrics
Austin J. Graybeal, Caleb F. Brandner, Abby T. Compton, Sydney H. Swafford, Ryan S. Aultman, Anabelle Vallecillo-Bustos, Jon Stavres
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background & aims
Given the technological advances in 3D smartphone (SP) anthropometry, this technique presents a unique opportunity to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) screening through optimal waist circumference (WC) landmarking procedures. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between individual MetS risk factors and nine independent WC sites collected using tape measurement or SP anthropometrics and to determine the differences in MetS severity and prevalence when using these different WC measurement locations.
Methods
A total of 130 participants (F:74, M:56; age: 27.8 ± 11.1) completed this cross-sectional evaluation. Using traditional tape measurement, WC was measured at the lowest rib (WCRib), superior iliac crest (WCIliac), and between the WCRib and WCIliac (WCMid). Additionally, WC measurements were automated using a SP application at six sites along the torso. MetS risk factors were used to calculate MetS severity (MetSindex) and prevalence. Associations were evaluated using multiple linear regression, the effect of each WC site on MetSindex was analyzed using mixed-models ANCOVA, and differences in MetS prevalence using WCIliac as the current standard were determined using sensitivity, specificity, chi-squared tests, and odds ratios.
Results
The reference SP-WC (SPRef) and WCRib demonstrated the largest associations (all p < 0.001) with HDL cholesterol (SPRef: −0.48; WCRib: −0.49), systolic (SPRef: 0.32; WCRib: 0.30) and diastolic blood pressure (SPRef: 0.34; WCRib: 0.32), and fasting blood glucose (SPRef: 0.38; WCRib: 0.37). SPRef and WCRib were the only WC without significantly different MetSindex; yet demonstrated lower MetSindex and sensitivity (SPRef: 77.8 %; WCRib: 74.1 %) relative to WCIliac, the conventional (or standard) WC measure.
Conclusions
Compared to the current standard, SPRef and WCRib protocols are more highly associated with individual MetS risk factors and produce different MetSindex and diagnoses; highlighting the need for new MetS WC protocols. Given the surge in remote/mobile healthcare, SPRef may be an alternative to traditional methods in this context but requires further investigation before implementation.
期刊介绍:
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.