Brain structural associations of syntactic complexity and diversity across schizophrenia spectrum and major depressive disorders, and healthy controls.

IF 3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1038/s41537-024-00517-6
Katharina Schneider, Nina Alexander, Andreas Jansen, Igor Nenadić, Benjamin Straube, Lea Teutenberg, Florian Thomas-Odenthal, Paula Usemann, Udo Dannlowski, Tilo Kircher, Arne Nagels, Frederike Stein
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Abstract

Deviations in syntax production have been well documented in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Recently, we have shown evidence for transdiagnostic subtypes of syntactic complexity and diversity. However, there is a lack of studies exploring brain structural correlates of syntax across diagnoses. We assessed syntactic complexity and diversity of oral language production using four Thematic Apperception Test pictures in a sample of N = 87 subjects (n = 24 major depressive disorder (MDD), n = 30 SSD patients both diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR, and n = 33 healthy controls (HC)). General linear models were used to investigate the association of syntax with gray matter volume (GMV), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD), radial (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Age, sex, total intracranial volume, group, interaction of group and syntax were covariates of no interest. Syntactic diversity was positively correlated with the GMV of the right medial pre- and postcentral gyri and with the FA of the left superior-longitudinal fasciculus (temporal part). Conversely, the AD of the left cingulum bundle and the forceps minor were negatively correlated with syntactic diversity. The AD of the right inferior-longitudinal fasciculus was positively correlated with syntactic complexity. Negative associations were observed between syntactic complexity and the FA of the left cingulum bundle, the right superior-longitudinal fasciculus, and the AD of the forceps minor and the left uncinate fasciculus. Our study showed brain structural correlates of syntactic complexity and diversity across diagnoses and HC. This contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between linguistic and neural substrates in syntax production in psychiatric disorders and HC.

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精神分裂症谱系、重度抑郁障碍和健康对照组的大脑结构与句法复杂性和多样性的关联。
在精神分裂症谱系障碍(SSD)中,句法生成的偏差已被充分证明。最近,我们已经证明了句法复杂性和多样性的跨诊断亚型。然而,目前还缺乏对跨诊断句法的大脑结构相关性的研究。我们在 N = 87 名受试者(n = 24 名根据 DSM-IV-TR 诊断的重度抑郁障碍(MDD)患者、n = 30 名 SSD 患者和 n = 33 名健康对照组(HC))中使用四张主题感知测试图片评估了口语表达的句法复杂性和多样性。研究人员使用一般线性模型研究了句法与灰质体积(GMV)、分数各向异性(FA)、轴向(AD)、径向(RD)和平均扩散率(MD)之间的关系。年龄、性别、颅内总容积、组别、组别与句法的交互作用均为无关协变量。句法多样性与右侧内侧前中央回和后中央回的GMV以及左侧上纵筋束(颞部)的FA呈正相关。相反,左侧钟摆束和小镊子的 AD 与句法多样性呈负相关。右下纵束的 AD 与句法复杂性呈正相关。句法复杂性与左侧扣带回束、右侧上纵筋束的FA,以及小镊子和左侧钩状筋束的AD之间呈负相关。我们的研究显示了不同诊断和HC的句法复杂性和多样性的大脑结构相关性。这有助于全面了解精神病和高血压患者在句法产生过程中语言和神经基质之间的相互作用。
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