Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia on the oxygen vacancy engineering of zinc oxide for nitrogen recovery from nitrate-polluted surface water

IF 7.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Research Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2024.120279
Wenyang Fu, Yanjun Yin, Shuxian He, Xiangyi Tang, Yinan Liu, Fei Shen, Yan Zou, Guangming Jiang
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Abstract

Nitrate pollution in surface water poses a significant threat to drinking water safety. The integration of electrocatalytic reduction reaction of nitrate (NO3RR) to ammonia with ammonia collection processes offers a sustainable approach to nitrogen recovery from nitrate-polluted surface water. However, the low catalytic activity of existing catalysts has resulted in excessive energy consumption for NO3RR. Herein, we developed a facile approach of electrochemical reduction to generate oxygen vacancy (Ov) on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO1-x NPs) to enhance catalytic activity. The ZnO1-x NPs achieved a high NH3-N selectivity of 92.4% and NH3-N production rate of 1007.9 mgNH3N h−1 m−2 at −0.65 V vs. RHE in 22.5 mg L−1 NO3N, surpassing both pristine ZnO and the majority of catalysts reported in the literature. DFT calculations with in-situ Raman spectroscopy and ESR analysis revealed that the presence of Ov significantly increased the affinity for the NO3 (nitrate) and key intermediate of NO2 (nitrite). The strong adsorption of NO3 on Ov decreased the energy barrier of potential determining step (NO3 →∗NO3) from 0.49 to 0.1 eV, boosting the reaction rate. Furthermore, the strong adsorption of NO2 on Ov prevented its escape from the active sites, thereby minimizing NO2 by-product formation and enhancing ammonia selectivity. Moreover, the NO3RR, when coupled with a membrane separation process, achieved a 100% nitrogen recycling efficiency with low energy consumption of 0.55 kWh molN1 at a flow rate below 112 mL min−1 for the treatment of nitrate-polluted lake water. These results demonstrate that ZnO1-x NPs are a reliable catalytic material for NO₃RR, enabling the development of a sustainable technology for nitrogen recovery from nitrate-polluted surface water.
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在氧化锌氧空位工程上将硝酸盐电催化转化为氨,以从受硝酸盐污染的地表水中回收氮。
地表水中的硝酸盐污染对饮用水安全构成严重威胁。将硝酸盐的电催化还原反应(NO3RR)与氨气收集工艺相结合,为从硝酸盐污染的地表水中回收氮提供了一种可持续的方法。然而,现有催化剂的催化活性较低,导致 NO3RR 的能耗过高。在此,我们开发了一种简便的电化学还原方法,在氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO1-x NPs)上生成氧空位(Ov),以提高催化活性。ZnO1-x NPs 的 NH3-N 选择性高达 92.4%,在 -0.65 V 对 22.5 mg L-1 的 RHE 条件下,NH3-N 产率为 1007.9 h-1 m-2,超过了原始 ZnO 和文献报道的大多数催化剂。利用原位拉曼光谱和 ESR 分析进行的 DFT 计算表明,Ov 的存在显著提高了(硝酸盐)和(亚硝酸盐)关键中间产物的亲和力。Ov 的强吸附作用使潜在决定步骤(→*NO3)的能量势垒从 0.49 eV 降至 0.1 eV,从而提高了反应速率。此外,Ov 的强吸附性阻止了其从活性位点逸出,从而最大限度地减少了副产物的形成,提高了氨的选择性。此外,NO3RR 与膜分离过程相结合,在处理硝酸盐污染的湖水时,在低于 112 mL min-1 的流速下,实现了 100% 的氮回收效率和 0.55 kWh 的低能耗。这些结果表明,ZnO1-x NPs 是一种可靠的 NO₃RR 催化材料,有助于开发一种可持续的硝酸盐污染地表水氮回收技术。
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上海源叶 Nessler's reagent
来源期刊
Environmental Research
Environmental Research 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
12.60
自引率
8.40%
发文量
2480
审稿时长
4.7 months
期刊介绍: The Environmental Research journal presents a broad range of interdisciplinary research, focused on addressing worldwide environmental concerns and featuring innovative findings. Our publication strives to explore relevant anthropogenic issues across various environmental sectors, showcasing practical applications in real-life settings.
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