Salivary Antibody Responses to Potentially Waterborne and Environmentally Transmitted Infections Among Two Tribal Nations in the Southwest United States.

IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1007/s44197-024-00315-4
Timothy J Wade, Jatin H Mistry, Swinburne A J Augustine, Shannon M Griffin, Jason Kobylanski, Jennifer Styles, Elizabeth Sams, Edward Hudgens, Megan Kowalcyk, Wesley Cochran, Honorine Ward, Andrey Egorov
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Abstract

Purpose: Tribal Nations disproportionately lack access to safe drinking water and can be adversely affected by other water quality and environmental concerns. Such conditions could lead to an increase in the transmission of waterborne, environmental and hygiene related infections. We collected saliva samples from attendees at two Tribal Nation annual festivals and tested them for salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to selected common infections using an in-house multiplex immunoassay. Antibody responses were compared to responses from a previously conducted study in the midwestern United States.

Methods: We collected and tested 531 samples from Tribal Nation sites and used data on 453 previously analyzed samples from the Midwest site. Logistic and linear regression models were used to model a binary classification of seropositivity and the intensity of the antibody response, respectively.

Results: Seroprevalence of chronic infections (Helicobacter pylori and Toxoplasma gondii) were generally consistent with estimates from population-based studies. Compared to the Midwest site, one of the Tribal Nation sites had consistently higher median antibody responses to several noroviruses. The Tribal Nation sites had a lower seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies. At the Tribal Nation sites, farm residents had higher antibody responses to Cryptosporidium spp., bottled water consumption was associated with lower responses to Cryptosporidium spp., animal contact was associated with T. gondii seropositivity, and recent diarrhea was associated with higher norovirus antibody responses. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was associated with reduced odds of reporting allergies.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated the application of a multiplex salivary immunoassay in Tribal Nations to provide insights regarding selected common pathogens which are transmitted through different transmission pathways including person-to-person contacts, contaminated food, soil and drinking water.

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美国西南部两个部落对潜在水传播和环境传播感染的唾液抗体反应。
目的:部落民族过多地缺乏安全饮用水,并可能受到其他水质和环境问题的不利影响。这种情况可能会导致水传播、环境和卫生相关感染的增加。我们收集了两个部落民族年度节日参与者的唾液样本,并使用内部多重免疫测定法检测了唾液免疫球蛋白 G (IgG) 对某些常见感染的反应。抗体反应与之前在美国中西部进行的一项研究的反应进行了比较:我们收集并检测了 531 份来自部落居住地的样本,并使用了 453 份之前分析过的来自中西部居住地的样本数据。我们使用逻辑回归模型和线性回归模型分别对血清阳性和抗体反应强度进行了二元分类:结果:慢性感染(幽门螺旋杆菌和弓形虫)的血清阳性率与基于人群研究的估计值基本一致。与中西部地区相比,一个部落民族地区对几种诺如病毒的抗体反应中位数一直较高。部落居民点的戊型肝炎病毒抗体血清流行率较低。在部落居民点,农场居民的隐孢子虫属抗体反应较高,饮用瓶装水与较低的隐孢子虫属抗体反应有关,与动物接触与淋病双球菌血清阳性有关,近期腹泻与较高的诺罗病毒抗体反应有关。幽门螺杆菌血清阳性与报告过敏的几率降低有关:这项研究表明,在部落民族中应用多重唾液免疫测定,可以深入了解通过不同传播途径(包括人与人之间的接触、受污染的食物、土壤和饮用水)传播的某些常见病原体。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
1.40%
发文量
57
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health is an esteemed international publication, offering a platform for peer-reviewed articles that drive advancements in global epidemiology and international health. Our mission is to shape global health policy by showcasing cutting-edge scholarship and innovative strategies.
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