Factors associated with general practitioner-led diagnosis of long COVID: an observational study using electronic general practice data from Victoria and New South Wales, Australia

IF 6.7 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Medical Journal of Australia Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI:10.5694/mja2.52458

Abbish Kamalakkannan, Mirela Prgomet, Judith Thomas, Christopher Pearce, Precious McGuire, Fiona Mackintosh, Andrew Georgiou

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Abstract

Objectives

To investigate associations between sociodemographic factors, pre-existing chronic comorbidities, and general practitioner-led diagnosis of long COVID.

Design, setting, patients

We conducted a retrospective observational case–control study using de-identified electronic general practice data, recorded between January 2020 and March 2023, from 869 general practice clinics across four primary health networks in Victoria and New South Wales.

Main outcome measures

Sociodemographic factors and pre-existing chronic comorbidities associated with general practitioner-led diagnosis of long COVID.

Results

A total of 1588 patients had a recorded general practitioner-led long COVID diagnosis. Females exhibited a higher likelihood of general practitioner-led long COVID diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.58; adjusted confidence interval [aCI], 1.35–1.85) compared with males. Patients aged 40–59 years had a higher likelihood of general practitioner-led long COVID diagnosis (aOR, 1.68; aCI, 1.40–2.03) compared with patients aged 20–39 years. The diagnosis was more likely in patients of high socio-economic status (aOR, 1.37; aCI, 1.05–1.79) compared with those of mid socio-economic status. Mental health conditions (aOR, 2.69; aCI, 2.25–3.21), respiratory conditions (aOR, 2.25; aCI, 1.85–2.75), cancer (aOR, 1.64; aCI, 1.15–2.33) and musculoskeletal conditions (aOR, 1.50; aCI, 1.20–1.88) were all significantly associated with general practitioner-led long COVID diagnosis.

Conclusions

Female sex, middle age, high socio-economic status and pre-existing comorbidities, including mental health conditions, respiratory conditions, cancer and musculoskeletal conditions, were associated with general practitioner-led long COVID diagnosis among general practice patients. These factors largely parallel the emerging international evidence on long COVID and highlight the patient characteristics that practitioners should be cognisant of when patients present with symptoms of long COVID.

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与全科医生主导的长期 COVID 诊断相关的因素：一项利用澳大利亚维多利亚州和新南威尔士州全科电子数据进行的观察性研究。

目的：研究社会人口学因素、原有慢性并发症与全科医生诊断的长期慢性并发症之间的关系：调查社会人口因素、原有慢性并发症与全科医生诊断的长期COVID之间的关联：我们利用维多利亚州和新南威尔士州四个基层医疗网络的 869 家全科诊所在 2020 年 1 月至 2023 年 3 月期间记录的去标识化全科电子数据，开展了一项回顾性观察病例对照研究：主要结果测量：与全科医生诊断的长期COVID相关的社会人口学因素和原有慢性并发症：结果：共有 1588 名患者在全科医生指导下确诊了长 COVID。与男性相比，女性在全科医生指导下确诊长COVID的可能性更高（调整后的几率比[aOR]，1.58；调整后的置信区间[aCI]，1.35-1.85）。与 20-39 岁的患者相比，40-59 岁的患者在全科医生指导下确诊长 COVID 的可能性更高（aOR，1.68；aCI，1.40-2.03）。与社会经济地位中等的患者相比，社会经济地位高的患者更有可能被诊断出（aOR，1.37；aCI，1.05-1.79）。精神健康状况（aOR，2.69；aCI，2.25-3.21）、呼吸系统状况（aOR，2.25；aCI，1.85-2.75）、癌症（aOR，1.64；aCI，1.15-2.33）和肌肉骨骼状况（aOR，1.50；aCI，1.20-1.88）均与全科医生主导的长期 COVID 诊断显著相关：结论：女性、中年、高社会经济地位和既往合并症（包括精神疾病、呼吸系统疾病、癌症和肌肉骨骼疾病）与全科医生主导的全科病人长期 COVID 诊断有关。这些因素在很大程度上与国际上关于长COVID的新兴证据相一致，并强调了当患者出现长COVID症状时，医生应注意的患者特征。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Medical Journal of Australia 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

5.30%

发文量

410

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The Medical Journal of Australia (MJA) stands as Australia's foremost general medical journal, leading the dissemination of high-quality research and commentary to shape health policy and influence medical practices within the country. Under the leadership of Professor Virginia Barbour, the expert editorial team at MJA is dedicated to providing authors with a constructive and collaborative peer-review and publication process. Established in 1914, the MJA has evolved into a modern journal that upholds its founding values, maintaining a commitment to supporting the medical profession by delivering high-quality and pertinent information essential to medical practice.