[Potential Value of Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Patients with Driver Gene-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].

Abstract

Background: The proportion of patients carrying driver gene mutations is notably high among individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in China. However, the current neoadjuvant treatment strategies for these patients lack evident benefits. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and adverse reactions of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in patients with driver gene-positive NSCLC, thereby exploring its potential therapeutic value.

Methods: A total of 50 patients from two centers were retrospectively collected to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions among driver gene-positive NSCLC patients after different treatments and further explore the response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy among different EGFR-sensitive subtypes.

Results: A total of 50 patients from two centers were included in this study. Among the 40 patients from Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH), 21 received neoadjuvant immunotherapy, with 57.1% showing partial response on imaging. The major pathological response (MPR) rate after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy was 38.1%, and pathological complete response (pCR) was only observed in this group. No significant differences were noted in adverse events or their impact on surgical difficulty among different treatments. Additionally, 10 patients from Hunan Cancer Hospital (HNCA) were included to analyze the differences in efficiency among EGFR-sensitive subtypes under various neoadjuvant strategies. No significant radiological response differences were observed between neoadjuvant immunotherapy and targeted therapy. However, patients with the L858R mutation exhibited MPR and pCR only after receiving immunotherapy, surpassing targeted therapy outcomes, while no significant differences were found among 19del patients.

Conclusions: Under the premise of not exacerbating adverse effects, neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy achieved superior rates of MPR and pCR, with long-term survival comparable to targeted therapy.