Smartphone dependence predicts poorer mental health outcomes, eating behaviors, activity levels, and body image: A cluster analysis of Brazilian university students.

Karen Rodrigues Lima, Bárbara Isabela Amorim, Débora Ribeiro Orlando, Luciano José Pereira, Paula Midori Castelo, Eric Francelino Andrade
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Abstract

Introduction: Excessive smartphone use has been linked to mental health impairments and may potentially alter human behavior. These effects are particularly pronounced among young individuals, with university students being especially susceptible to the negative influences of smartphone use.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 781 Brazilian university students. We assessed socio-economic variables, smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, stress outcomes, eating behavior, body image satisfaction, and self-reported physical activity. MANOVA and Chi-square tests were performed to compare continuous and categorical variables between genders. K-means clustering was used to identify participant profiles based on various self-reported variables, with differences between clusters validated using the Z-test and the silhouette coefficient.

Results: Three clusters were identified. Cluster 1 featured participants with a significant disparity between their perceived and desired body image, higher scores on eating disorders, smartphone addiction, and mental health questionnaires, and lower engagement in physical exercise. Cluster 2 consisted of older participants who scored lower on smartphone addiction and mental health with a higher body mass index. Cluster 3 included younger participants with a smaller silhouette scale disparity, lower eating disorder scores, and lower body mass index. Smartphone addiction showed significant associations with eating disorders in overall eating disorders classification (X²=13.4; p<0.001), bulimic behavior (X²=20.0; p<0.001), and social pressure to eat (X²=4.3; p<0.001). It also negatively correlated with physical exercise (X²=5.7; p=0.017), but not with dieting concerns (X²=0.23; p=0.688).

Conclusion: Smartphone addiction is associated with eating disorders, stress, depression, anxiety, and lower levels of physical activity.

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对智能手机的依赖预示着较差的心理健康结果、饮食行为、活动水平和身体形象:对巴西大学生的聚类分析。
简介过度使用智能手机与心理健康受损有关,并可能改变人类行为。这些影响在年轻人中尤为明显,大学生尤其容易受到智能手机使用的负面影响:这项观察性横断面研究以 781 名巴西大学生为样本。我们评估了社会经济变量、智能手机成瘾、抑郁、焦虑、压力结果、饮食行为、身体形象满意度和自我报告的体育活动。我们采用 MANOVA 和卡方检验来比较性别间的连续变量和分类变量。根据各种自我报告的变量,采用 K-均值聚类来识别参与者的特征,并通过 Z 检验和剪影系数来验证聚类之间的差异:结果:确定了三个聚类。聚类 1 的特征是参与者感知的身体形象与期望的身体形象之间存在显著差异,饮食失调、智能手机成瘾和心理健康问卷得分较高,参与体育锻炼的比例较低。第二组由年龄较大的参与者组成,他们在智能手机成瘾和心理健康方面得分较低,但体重指数较高。第 3 组包括较年轻的参与者,他们的剪影量表差异较小,饮食失调得分较低,体重指数较低。在整个饮食失调分类中,智能手机成瘾与饮食失调有明显的关联(X²=13.4;p结论:智能手机成瘾与饮食失调有明显的关联:智能手机成瘾与饮食失调、压力、抑郁、焦虑和较低的体育锻炼水平有关。
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CiteScore
4.40
自引率
0.00%
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32
审稿时长
13 weeks
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