Female participation in chemistry over time at a Brazilian university: A Comparative analysis of undergraduate, postgraduate, and faculty numbers

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of female participation in the field of chemistry at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil, encompassing undergraduate, postgraduate, and faculty levels. Despite significant advancements in gender equality within higher education in Brazil, challenges persist in achieving equitable representation, particularly in leadership positions. Data analysis reveals that women constitute the majority of undergraduate chemistry students, with a notable increase in enrollment over the past decade. However, this representation diminishes at the postgraduate level and further declines among faculty members. At the postgraduate level, women represent 55.6% of master's students and 53.3% of doctoral students. The faculty composition shows a gender disparity, with women comprising 44% of the professors of the department of chemistry, predominantly in lower academic ranks. The study highlights that while female participation in chemistry has improved, systemic barriers hinder their advancement to higher academic and leadership positions. The presence of the "glass ceiling" effect is evident, as women are underrepresented in senior roles and prestigious research positions. This underscores the need for further research and action to address these systemic barriers and promote gender equality in the field of chemistry.