Topographical characteristics of 3D printed polymeric microneedle surface and its impact on coating formulation attributes

Masood Ali, Yanling Yang, Ayyah Abdoh and Yousuf Mohammed
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Abstract

In recent years, 3D printing has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating polymeric microneedles (μNDs), offering flexibility and precision. However, the surface topography of these μNDs plays a pivotal role in determining coating formulation characteristics and, consequently, their efficacy in drug delivery applications. This review delves into contemporary approaches for evaluating the surface topography of 3D printed polymeric μNDs, exploring its impact on coating formulation characteristics. With reference to the latest research in the materials industry, we elucidate the close relationship between the adhesion of coating material and μND surface, considering their physical and chemical properties. Fundamental principles relevant to understanding the influence of surface topography on therapeutic coating are discussed, emphasising how surface microtopography influences adhesion strength. Moreover, non-contact methodologies such as profilometry are reviewed for characterising μND surface morphology, highlighting their utility in assessing surface roughness, porosity, and feature geometry. Additionally, we explore how coating formulation attributes dictate surface wetting, surface energy, and interfacial adhesion strength. Insights from this review offer valuable guidance for optimising the fabrication process of 3D printed polymeric μNDs, tailoring their surface topography to enhance coating formulation performance in diverse biomedical applications.

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三维打印聚合物微针表面的形貌特征及其对涂层配方属性的影响
近年来,三维打印技术已成为制造聚合物微针(μNDs)的一种前景广阔的技术,具有灵活性和精确性。然而,这些微针的表面形貌在决定涂层配方特性方面起着关键作用,因此也决定了它们在给药应用中的功效。本综述深入探讨了评估 3D 打印聚合物 μND 表面形貌的现代方法,探讨了其对包衣配方特性的影响。我们参考了材料行业的最新研究成果,考虑到涂层材料的物理和化学特性,阐明了涂层材料与μND表面附着力之间的密切关系。我们讨论了了解表面形貌对治疗涂层影响的基本原理,强调了表面微观形貌如何影响附着强度。此外,我们还评述了用于表征 μND 表面形态的非接触方法,如轮廓测量法,强调了它们在评估表面粗糙度、孔隙率和特征几何形状方面的实用性。此外,我们还探讨了涂层配方属性如何决定表面润湿性、表面能和界面粘附强度。本综述中的见解为优化三维打印聚合物μND的制造工艺提供了宝贵的指导,可定制其表面形貌以提高涂层配方在各种生物医学应用中的性能。
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