Exploring the Advanced Synthesis Strategies and Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide-Based Nanozymes: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The practical usage of natural enzymes is limited due to their sensitivity and need for special conditions. On the other hand, nanozymes provide robust catalytic performance, high stability in challenging conditions, economical production, and versatile surface modification. With these benefits, nanozymes surpass the constraints of natural enzymes and are a better option for a range of applications. Iron oxide-based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their distinctive properties, such as catalase-like function under pH seven and peroxidase enzyme activity at acrid pH values as well as higher enzyme-like activities. This study has explored how synthesis procedures have advanced recently, presenting creative approaches with increased stability, regulated particle sizes, and catalytic activities. The potential of iron oxide nanozymes in a range of domains, such as healthcare, hyperthermia, MRI, optical devices, and anticancer activity, has also been investigated. This critical study provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characterization, and potential uses of iron oxide-based nanozymes, identifies the areas where research is currently lacking, and makes options for future directions to maximize its potential in medicine. Overall, this review expands our understanding of iron oxide nanozymes and is a helpful resource for scientists creating novel medicinal and diagnostic tools.

Graphical Abstract