Leachability of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances from contaminated concrete.

IF 4.3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1039/d4em00482e
Prashant Srivastava, Grant Douglas, Greg B Davis, Rai S Kookana, Canh Tien Trinh Nguyen, Mike Williams, Karl Bowles, Jason K Kirby
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Abstract

The historical use and storage of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) containing per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at a range of sites including airports, defence, and port facilities have resulted in a legacy of contaminated infrastructure such as concrete. Contaminated concrete constitutes an ongoing source of PFAS contamination requiring management to ensure the protection of human health and the environment. In this study, modified Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) and Australian Standard Leaching Procedure (ASLP) were used to examine the leachability of PFAS, specifically, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) from AFFF-contaminated concrete collected from an Australian Defence Fire Training Area (FTA). In general, PFAS readily leached from intact contaminated concrete monoliths with the cumulative proportion (%) decreasing in the order: PFHxA (>95%) > PFOS (26-84%) ≈ PFHxS (14-78%) > PFOA (<1-54%). Higher leachability for PFHxA from concrete is consistent with previous findings for solids, however, inconsistent for PFOA with higher retention (lower leachability) in concrete as compared to PFOS. Duration of exposure to water (0.5-48 h) and temperature (25 °C and 50 °C) had little influence on the proportion of PFAS leachability from powdered concrete. A higher proportion of PFAS leached from a <2 mm concrete powder size fraction as compared to 2-20 mm and 20 mm size fractions. This behavior reflects an increase in surface area with decreasing concrete particle size. Reducing the particle size could enhance PFAS removal from waste concrete.

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受污染混凝土中的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的浸出性。
历史上,在机场、国防和港口设施等一系列场所使用和储存含有全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的水成膜泡沫 (AFFF),导致混凝土等基础设施受到污染。受污染的混凝土是 PFAS 的一个持续污染源,需要对其进行管理,以确保对人类健康和环境的保护。在这项研究中,使用了修改后的浸出环境评估框架(LEAF)和澳大利亚标准浸出程序(ASLP)来检测 PFAS 的浸出性,特别是从澳大利亚国防消防训练区(FTA)收集的受 AFFF 污染的混凝土中检测全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS)、全氟辛酸 (PFOA)、全氟己烷磺酸 (PFHxS) 和全氟己酸 (PFHxA)。一般来说,PFAS 很容易从完整的受污染混凝土整体中析出,累积比例(%)依次递减:PFHxA (>95%) > PFOS (26-84%) ≈ PFHxS (14-78%) > PFOA (
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来源期刊
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
3.60%
发文量
202
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts publishes high quality papers in all areas of the environmental chemical sciences, including chemistry of the air, water, soil and sediment. We welcome studies on the environmental fate and effects of anthropogenic and naturally occurring contaminants, both chemical and microbiological, as well as related natural element cycling processes.
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