Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Investigating Vessel Density Changes Induced by Caffeine in Healthy Subjects.

IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2024/5597188
Mitchell Jacobs, Nicholas Demas, Angela Hemesath, Christopher Turski, Nicholas Fowler, John Benjamin Chadwell, Alec Dupont, Victoria Kupper, Kishor Acharya, Sarah Robbins, Kory Heier, Ramiro Maldonado
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Abstract

Introduction: Caffeine, the most widely consumed psychoactive drug globally, has been associated with vascular changes in various organs, including the retina. Researchers have reported vascular constriction in the retina in response to caffeine, although data on its effects remain limited and somewhat contradictory. Further research is needed to clarify the specific impact of caffeine on retinal blood vessels and its potential implications for ocular health. Purpose: To investigate the effects of 200 mg of caffeine on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and retinal vessel density (VD) assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Prospective randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, IRB-approved study in 59 healthy low caffeine users (< 136 mg of caffeine daily). Baseline 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm OCTA scans centered on the fovea as well as a 6 × 6 mm scans centered on the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained. Participants were randomly assigned into caffeine group (CG, n = 42) receiving 200 mg caffeine pill or placebo group (PG, n = 17). OCTA scans were repeated at 60 and 120 min after intervention. VD was measured with Advanced Retina Imaging (ARI) network software (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) for superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). SBP/DBP readings were recorded before each imaging session. Ordinary one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of each group was performed using GraphPad Prism Version 9.3.0. Results: Both groups had comparable demographics and OCTA parameters at baseline. Two hours after intervention, the CG had a significantly higher SBP (123 ± 7 mmHg) and DBP (81 ± 5 mmHg) compared to the control group (118 ± 7 mmHg, 77 ± 6 mmHg) (p value = 0.012, 0.023). Regarding the OCTA VD metrics, there were no significant differences in VD between the caffeine and placebo groups, regardless of whether the scans were centered on the macula or ONH. Additionally, the comparison across different OCTA scan modalities, specifically the 3 × 3 mm and 6 × 6 mm scans, showed no discernible differences among groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, 200 mg of caffeine elevated blood pressure after 2 h but did not impact the retinal VD. This underscores the intricate relationship between caffeine, blood pressure, and retinal vascular dynamics, prompting further exploration of their implications for ocular health, especially in subjects with vascular disease.

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光学相干断层扫描血管造影术:研究咖啡因引起的健康人血管密度变化。
简介咖啡因是全球消费最广泛的精神活性药物,它与包括视网膜在内的多个器官的血管变化有关。研究人员报告称,咖啡因会导致视网膜血管收缩,但有关咖啡因影响的数据仍然有限,而且存在一定的矛盾。要弄清咖啡因对视网膜血管的具体影响及其对眼部健康的潜在影响,还需要进一步的研究。目的:研究 200 毫克咖啡因对收缩压和舒张压(SBP 和 DBP)以及光学相干断层血管成像(OCTA)评估的视网膜血管密度(VD)的影响。研究方法前瞻性随机、双盲安慰剂对照、经 IRB 批准的研究,对象为 59 名健康的低咖啡因使用者(每日咖啡因摄入量小于 136 毫克)。获得了以眼窝为中心的 3 × 3 和 6 × 6 毫米基线 OCTA 扫描图,以及以视神经头(ONH)为中心的 6 × 6 毫米扫描图。参与者被随机分配到咖啡因组(CG,n = 42)或安慰剂组(PG,n = 17),前者服用 200 毫克咖啡因药片。干预后 60 分钟和 120 分钟重复进行 OCTA 扫描。使用高级视网膜成像(ARI)网络软件(Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA)测量浅层毛细血管丛(SCP)和深层毛细血管丛(DCP)的VD。每次成像前记录 SBP/DBP 读数。使用 GraphPad Prism 9.3.0 版对各组进行普通单因素方差分析(ANOVA)。结果两组基线人口统计学和 OCTA 参数相当。干预两小时后,CG 的 SBP(123 ± 7 mmHg)和 DBP(81 ± 5 mmHg)明显高于对照组(118 ± 7 mmHg,77 ± 6 mmHg)(P 值 = 0.012,0.023)。关于 OCTA VD 指标,咖啡因组和安慰剂组之间的 VD 没有显著差异,无论扫描是以黄斑为中心还是以 ONH 为中心。此外,不同 OCTA 扫描模式(特别是 3 × 3 毫米和 6 × 6 毫米扫描)之间的比较显示,各组之间没有明显差异。结论总之,200 毫克咖啡因会在 2 小时后升高血压,但不会影响视网膜 VD。这凸显了咖啡因、血压和视网膜血管动力学之间错综复杂的关系,促使人们进一步探索它们对眼部健康的影响,尤其是对患有血管疾病的受试者的影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of Ophthalmology
Journal of Ophthalmology MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-OPHTHALMOLOGY
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
194
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Ophthalmology is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. Submissions should focus on new diagnostic and surgical techniques, instrument and therapy updates, as well as clinical trials and research findings.
期刊最新文献
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Investigating Vessel Density Changes Induced by Caffeine in Healthy Subjects. Pathological Mechanism and Clinical Therapy Progress of Schlemm's Canal. Results of XEN45 Gel Stent Implantation in the Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using 5, 10 or 20 μg Mitomycin C: A Pilot Study. Lens Displacement and Retinal Injury in Blunt Eye Trauma. CHA2DS2-VASc Score in Predicting Visual Acuity Outcomes Following Retinal Vein Occlusion.
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