Can miRNAs in MSCs-EVs Offer a Potential Treatment for Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy?

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 CELL & TISSUE ENGINEERING Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1007/s12015-024-10803-6

Hisham Al-Ward, Wei Chen, Wenxia Gao, Chunxue Zhang, Xueyan Yang, Yao Xiong, Xinyi Wang, Rafeq Agila, Hui Xu, Yi Eve Sun

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Abstract

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a critical condition resulting from impaired oxygen and blood flow to the brain during birth, leading to neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and long-term neurological deficits. Despite the use of therapeutic hypothermia, current treatments remain inadequate in fully preventing brain damage. Recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) offer a novel, cell-free therapeutic approach, as these EVs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver functional microRNAs (miRNAs) to modulate key pathways involved in inflammation and neuroprotection. This review examines how specific miRNAs encapsulated in MSC-EVs-including miR-21, miR-124, miR-146, and the miR-17-92 cluster-target the complex inflammatory responses that drive HIE pathology. By modulating pathways such as NF-κB, STAT3, and PI3K/Akt, these miRNAs influence neuroinflammatory processes, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and promote tissue repair. The aim is to assess the therapeutic potential of miRNA-loaded MSC-EVs in mitigating inflammation and neuronal damage, thus addressing the limitations of current therapies like therapeutic hypothermia.

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间充质干细胞-EV 中的 miRNA 能否为缺氧缺血性脑病提供一种潜在的治疗方法？

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）是一种危重病症，是由于出生时脑部氧气和血流受损，导致神经炎症、神经细胞凋亡和长期神经功能缺损。尽管使用了治疗性低温，但目前的治疗方法仍不足以完全防止脑损伤。间充质干细胞衍生细胞外囊泡（MSC-EVs）的最新进展提供了一种新颖的无细胞治疗方法，因为这些EVs可穿过血脑屏障（BBB），输送功能性microRNAs（miRNAs）以调节炎症和神经保护的关键通路。这篇综述探讨了间充质干细胞-EV中封装的特定miRNA（包括miR-21、miR-124、miR-146和miR-17-92簇）如何靶向驱动HIE病理学的复杂炎症反应。通过调节 NF-κB、STAT3 和 PI3K/Akt 等通路，这些 miRNA 可影响神经炎症过程、减少神经元凋亡并促进组织修复。研究的目的是评估miRNA负载的间充质干细胞-EVs在减轻炎症和神经元损伤方面的治疗潜力，从而解决目前疗法（如治疗性低温）的局限性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 医学-细胞生物学

CiteScore

9.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The purpose of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports is to cover contemporary and emerging areas in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. The journal will consider for publication: i) solicited or unsolicited reviews of topical areas of stem cell biology that highlight, critique and synthesize recent important findings in the field. ii) full length and short reports presenting original experimental work. iii) translational stem cell studies describing results of clinical trials using stem cells as therapeutics. iv) papers focused on diseases of stem cells. v) hypothesis and commentary articles as opinion-based pieces in which authors can propose a new theory, interpretation of a controversial area in stem cell biology, or a stem cell biology question or paradigm. These articles contain more speculation than reviews, but they should be based on solid rationale. vi) protocols as peer-reviewed procedures that provide step-by-step descriptions, outlined in sufficient detail, so that both experts and novices can apply them to their own research. vii) letters to the editor and correspondence. In order to facilitate this exchange of scientific information and exciting novel ideas, the journal has created five thematic sections, focusing on: i) the role of adult stem cells in tissue regeneration; ii) progress in research on induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells and mechanism governing embryogenesis and tissue development; iii) the role of microenvironment and extracellular microvesicles in directing the fate of stem cells; iv) mechanisms of stem cell trafficking, stem cell mobilization and homing with special emphasis on hematopoiesis; v) the role of stem cells in aging processes and cancerogenesis.