Emotional stimuli boost incidental learning through predictive processing.

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1080/02699931.2024.2418444
Meital Friedman-Oskar, Tomer Sahar, Tal Makovski, Hadas Okon-Singer
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Abstract

Extracting regularities and probabilities from the environment is a fundamental and critical ability in an ever-changing surrounding. Previous findings showed that people are highly efficient in learning these regularities and that emotional stimuli are better learned than neutral ones. Yet, the generality and the underlying mechanism of this benefit are poorly understood. Here, participants viewed a stream of images with negative and neutral valence. Unbeknownst, the items recurred in regularity as triplets. Then, to assess learning, a surprised familiarity test was conducted. The results of Experiment 1, using two sets of stimuli, found better statistical learning for negative triplets than for neutral triplets. Experiment 2 revealed similar benefits even when only a single negative item was in the triplet at the second or third position, suggesting the advantage is not cumulative. We speculated that the predictability of the negative items is driving the effect. Consequently, Experiment 3 confirmed that the memory for neutral items preceding negative items was better than for neutral items preceding neutral items. Together, these findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of how the learning of incidental temporal associations is influenced by negative stimuli and the role of predictability in the negative valence benefit.

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情绪刺激通过预测处理促进附带学习。
在瞬息万变的环境中,从环境中提取规律性和概率是一项基本而关键的能力。以前的研究结果表明,人们学习这些规律性的效率很高,而且情绪性刺激比中性刺激学习效果更好。然而,人们对这种益处的普遍性和内在机制还知之甚少。在这里,参与者观看的是具有负面和中性情绪的图像流。不知不觉中,这些项目以三胞胎的形式有规律地重复出现。然后,为了评估学习效果,进行了惊讶熟悉度测试。实验 1 使用了两组刺激物,结果发现负面三连拍的统计学习效果比中性三连拍更好。实验 2 发现,即使三连音中只有一个负面项目位于第二或第三位,也能获得类似的优势,这表明这种优势不是累积性的。我们推测是负面项目的可预测性推动了这种效应。因此,实验 3 证实,对负面项目之前的中性项目的记忆优于对中性项目之前的中性项目的记忆。总之,这些发现为我们提供了新的视角,让我们了解负面刺激如何影响偶然时间联想的学习机制,以及可预测性在负价益处中的作用。
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来源期刊
Cognition & Emotion
Cognition & Emotion PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
90
期刊介绍: Cognition & Emotion is devoted to the study of emotion, especially to those aspects of emotion related to cognitive processes. The journal aims to bring together work on emotion undertaken by researchers in cognitive, social, clinical, and developmental psychology, neuropsychology, and cognitive science. Examples of topics appropriate for the journal include the role of cognitive processes in emotion elicitation, regulation, and expression; the impact of emotion on attention, memory, learning, motivation, judgements, and decisions.
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