Toxicogenomics supports carcinogenic action of tattoo ink components

IF 1 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Gene Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102079

Joel Henrique Ellwanger, José Artur Bogo Chies

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Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that tattoos may be associated with an increased risk of cancer development due to carcinogenic components present in tattoo inks. We explored this issue using The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. Exploratory toxicogenomic data corroborate the association between cancer and tattoo ink components, especially concerning the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The top-15 genes affected by PAH and the top-15 diseases associated with PAH were listed. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other components present in tattoo inks affect the expression of multiple genes that participate in the metabolism of xenobiotics, cell death, and immune responses, and disruption of these processes may facilitate carcinogenesis. In agreement, cancer is the main disease category associated with PAH. In Brazil and other countries, there are significant deficiencies in the regulation, marketing, and inspection of substances used in tattoo inks. Considering the immense number of individuals who get tattoos around the world, tattoo inks should be subjected to more complete toxicological studies, and stricter regulation of tattoo ink usage is needed.

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毒物基因组学支持纹身墨水成分的致癌作用

越来越多的证据表明，由于纹身墨水中含有致癌成分，纹身可能与癌症发病风险的增加有关。我们利用比较毒物基因组学数据库对这一问题进行了探讨。探索性毒物基因组学数据证实了癌症与纹身墨水成分之间的关联，尤其是多环芳香烃（PAH）的影响。列出了受多环芳烃影响最大的 15 个基因以及与多环芳烃相关的 15 种疾病。纹身墨水中的多环芳烃和其他成分会影响多个基因的表达，而这些基因参与了异种生物的代谢、细胞死亡和免疫反应，这些过程的破坏可能会促进致癌。一致认为，癌症是与多环芳烃相关的主要疾病类别。在巴西和其他国家，对纹身墨水中所用物质的监管、营销和检查存在严重缺陷。考虑到世界各地纹身的人数众多，应该对纹身墨水进行更全面的毒理学研究，并对纹身墨水的使用进行更严格的监管。

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来源期刊

Gene Reports Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Genetics

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

246

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Gene Reports publishes papers that focus on the regulation, expression, function and evolution of genes in all biological contexts, including all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, as well as viruses. Gene Reports strives to be a very diverse journal and topics in all fields will be considered for publication. Although not limited to the following, some general topics include: DNA Organization, Replication & Evolution -Focus on genomic DNA (chromosomal organization, comparative genomics, DNA replication, DNA repair, mobile DNA, mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA). Expression & Function - Focus on functional RNAs (microRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, mRNA splicing, alternative polyadenylation) Regulation - Focus on processes that mediate gene-read out (epigenetics, chromatin, histone code, transcription, translation, protein degradation). Cell Signaling - Focus on mechanisms that control information flow into the nucleus to control gene expression (kinase and phosphatase pathways controlled by extra-cellular ligands, Wnt, Notch, TGFbeta/BMPs, FGFs, IGFs etc.) Profiling of gene expression and genetic variation - Focus on high throughput approaches (e.g., DeepSeq, ChIP-Seq, Affymetrix microarrays, proteomics) that define gene regulatory circuitry, molecular pathways and protein/protein networks. Genetics - Focus on development in model organisms (e.g., mouse, frog, fruit fly, worm), human genetic variation, population genetics, as well as agricultural and veterinary genetics. Molecular Pathology & Regenerative Medicine - Focus on the deregulation of molecular processes in human diseases and mechanisms supporting regeneration of tissues through pluripotent or multipotent stem cells.