Analysis of the Matching Between the Electric Propulsion Conical Motor in Electric Aircraft and the Propeller Based on Axial Force and Torque

Abstract

This article addresses the problem of bearing force wear in electric propulsion motors (EPMs) for electric aircraft, proposing a conical rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (CR-PMSM) solution based on the motor itself. The solution uses the motor's inherent axial magnetic force for noncontact force transmission, effectively balancing the propeller's axial force and reducing bearing wear. The axial magnetic force within the motor is determined by the Maxwell stress tensor method, and the influence of cone angle and dq-axis currents on the axial magnetic force and torque of the motor is analyzed. A matching strategy based on relative current is proposed to minimize motor copper losses, while ensuring the match between the CR-PMSM and propeller in terms of axial force and torque is maintained. This article introduces a novel experimental method for simultaneous measurement of the axial forces of the CR-PMSM and propeller, enabling real-time monitoring of bearing forces. The feasibility of the proposed matching scheme is jointly verified through experiments and finite element simulations.