Pennycress reduces potential for nutrient loss in Illinois.

IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of environmental quality Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1002/jeq2.20644
Ryan T Meyer, Nicholas J Heller, Robert L Rhykerd, William L Perry
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Abstract

Nutrient export of nitrogen and phosphorus from row crop agriculture in the Upper US Midwest is a threat to the structure and function of aquatic systems. To meet Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) nutrient reduction goals, the Upper US Midwest needs to implement strategies to reduce nutrient export from agriculture. Studies demonstrate the potential of cover crops to reduce the export of nitrate-nitrogen from the Upper US Midwest. We investigated the impact of the economically viable winter cash cover crop pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) on soil porewater nutrients and soil nutrients and characteristics. We used nine replicated 0.8 ha plots (n = 3 per treatment) at a production scale research farm over 4 years with pennycress and fertilized pennycress (56 kg ha-1 of urea) treatments compared to a fallow reference. Over the study period, soil porewater nitrate-nitrogen was reduced by 53% in pennycress plots and 34% in fertilized pennycress plots relative to the fallow reference at a depth of 45 cm. Early season establishment was crucial in providing nutrient reduction potential. In 2021, poor pennycress establishment resulted in porewater nitrate-nitrogen concentrations 141% higher than in 2022 with excellent pennycress establishment. Following pennycress termination, soil nitrate-nitrogen was reduced by 24% in pennycress and 26% in fertilized pennycress compared to the fallow reference in the top 30 cm of soil. Following 4 years of pennycress planting, nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were significantly reduced with no broad effect on soil characteristics. We conclude that the novel pennycress crop has potential to reduce nutrient loss from row crop agriculture in the Upper US Midwest.

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竹篙草降低了伊利诺伊州养分流失的可能性。
美国上中西部地区连作农业的氮磷养分输出对水生系统的结构和功能构成威胁。为实现美国环保署(EPA)减少养分排放的目标,美国中西部上游地区需要实施减少农业养分排放的战略。研究表明,覆盖作物具有减少美国上中西部地区硝态氮输出的潜力。我们研究了经济上可行的冬季经济覆盖作物菥蓂(Thlaspi arvense)对土壤孔隙水养分、土壤养分和特性的影响。我们在一个生产规模的研究农场使用了 9 个重复的 0.8 公顷地块(每个处理 3 个地块),用菥蓂和施肥菥蓂(每公顷 56 千克尿素)处理与休耕参照物进行了为期 4 年的比较。在研究期间,菥蓂地块和施肥菥蓂地块 45 厘米深处的土壤孔隙水硝酸盐氮分别比休耕参照物减少了 53% 和 34%。在提供养分减排潜力的过程中,季初种植至关重要。2021 年,菥蓂属植物生长不良,导致孔隙水硝酸盐氮浓度比菥蓂属植物生长良好的 2022 年高出 141%。菥蓂栽培终止后,与休耕参考相比,菥蓂栽培的土壤硝态氮减少了 24%,施肥菥蓂栽培的土壤硝态氮减少了 26%。菥蓂种植 4 年后,硝态氮浓度显著降低,但对土壤特性没有广泛影响。我们的结论是,新型菥蓂作物具有减少美国中西部上游地区连作农业养分流失的潜力。
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来源期刊
Journal of environmental quality
Journal of environmental quality 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
123
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Articles in JEQ cover various aspects of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, including agricultural, terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic systems, with emphasis on the understanding of underlying processes. To be acceptable for consideration in JEQ, a manuscript must make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge or toward a better understanding of existing concepts. The study should define principles of broad applicability, be related to problems over a sizable geographic area, or be of potential interest to a representative number of scientists. Emphasis is given to the understanding of underlying processes rather than to monitoring. Contributions are accepted from all disciplines for consideration by the editorial board. Manuscripts may be volunteered, invited, or coordinated as a special section or symposium.
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