Myristica fragrans Houtt. methanol extract as a promising treatment for Cryptosporidium parvum infection in experimentally immunosuppressed and immunocompetent mice.

IF 1.7 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Veterinary World Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-15 DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2024.2062-2071
Eman E El Shanawany, Faten Abouelmagd, Noha Madbouly Taha, Rabab S Zalat, Enas H Abdelrahman, Eman H Abdel-Rahman
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Abstract

Background and aim: Cryptosporidiosis is a major waterborne disease affecting ruminants and humans worldwide. It causes diarrhea and neonatal mortality in buffalo calves, and watery diarrhea and mortality in children and immunodeficient patients. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Myristica fragrans methanolic extract in treatment of C. parvum infection in comparison with nitazoxanide (NZX) (a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug control) in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent mice.

Materials and methods: One hundred laboratory-bred male Swiss albino mice were equally divided into immunocompetent and immunosuppressed groups. Each group was further divided into five subgroups: (1) non-infected and non-treated control, (2) infected and non-treated control (infected with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts 3 × 103), (3) NZX-treated (100 mg/kg, 200 μL/mouse), (4) M. fragrans Houtt. methanol extract-treated (500 mg/kg), and (5) combination-treated (NZX + M. fragrans extract). Number of oocysts/g of feces, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G level, and interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-4 levels were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect.

Results: C. parvum oocyst shedding in stool samples was significantly decreased in all treatment groups, with 79.7%, 81.2 %, and 85.5 % reduction in immunocompetent mice treated with NZX, M. fragrans, and their combination, respectively. In immunosuppressed mice, oocyst shedding was reduced by 77.7%, 80.5 %, and 83.7 % upon NZX, M. fragrans, and their combination treatments, respectively. The serum IgG level was lowest in mice treated with a mixture of M. fragrans and NZX, followed by those treated with NZX, and was highest in mice treated with M. fragrans alone. Regarding cytokine levels, all groups treated with M. fragrans had low levels of IFN-γ and IL4 on day 21 post-infection.

Conclusion: Collectively, the treatment of cryptosporidiosis with M. fragrans extract was successful in mice, as demonstrated by the measured parameters. M. fragrans reduced C. parvum oocyst shedding and serum IgG, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice.

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Myristica fragrans Houtt.甲醇提取物是治疗实验性免疫抑制和免疫功能正常小鼠感染副隐孢子虫的有效方法。
背景和目的:隐孢子虫病是影响全世界反刍动物和人类的一种主要水传播疾病。它导致水牛犊腹泻和新生儿死亡,以及儿童和免疫缺陷患者水样腹泻和死亡。本研究旨在调查肉豆蔻甲醇提取物与硝唑尼特(NZX)(一种食品和药物管理局批准的药物对照)相比,对免疫抑制和免疫功能正常小鼠感染副猪嗜血杆菌的治疗效果:将 100 只实验室饲养的雄性瑞士白化小鼠平均分为免疫功能健全组和免疫抑制组。每组又分为五个亚组:(1) 未感染和未处理对照组;(2) 感染和未处理对照组(感染副隐孢子虫卵囊 3 × 103);(3) NZX 处理组(100 mg/kg,200 μL/只小鼠);(4) M. fragrans Houtt.甲醇提取物处理组(500 mg/kg);(5) 联合处理组(NZX + M. fragrans 提取物)。粪便中的卵囊数量、血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)G水平、干扰素(IFN)-γ和白细胞介素(IL)-4水平被用来评估治疗效果:结果:在所有治疗组中,粪便样本中的C. parvum卵囊脱落率均显著下降,在使用NZX、M. fragrans和它们的组合治疗的免疫功能正常小鼠中,脱落率分别下降了79.7%、81.2%和85.5%。在免疫抑制的小鼠中,使用 NZX、香豌豆和它们的复方制剂后,卵囊脱落率分别降低了 77.7%、80.5% 和 83.7%。经香紫苏和 NZX 混合物处理的小鼠血清 IgG 水平最低,其次是经 NZX 处理的小鼠,而单独经香紫苏处理的小鼠血清 IgG 水平最高。关于细胞因子水平,在感染后第 21 天,所有使用 M. fragrans 治疗的组的 IFN-γ 和 IL4 水平都很低:总之,小鼠隐孢子虫病的治疗成功地使用了香豌豆提取物。在免疫功能正常和免疫抑制的小鼠体内,香附子能减少副猪嗜血杆菌卵囊脱落,降低血清IgG、IFN-γ和IL-4水平。
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来源期刊
Veterinary World
Veterinary World Multiple-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
317
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary World publishes high quality papers focusing on Veterinary and Animal Science. The fields of study are bacteriology, parasitology, pathology, virology, immunology, mycology, public health, biotechnology, meat science, fish diseases, nutrition, gynecology, genetics, wildlife, laboratory animals, animal models of human infections, prion diseases and epidemiology. Studies on zoonotic and emerging infections are highly appreciated. Review articles are highly appreciated. All articles published by Veterinary World are made freely and permanently accessible online. All articles to Veterinary World are posted online immediately as they are ready for publication.
期刊最新文献
Biochemical and Pharmacological Assessments of Tramadol Abuse on Human Male Fertility: Relation to Seminal Plasma 8-Hydroxyguanosine and Zinc. Myristica fragrans Houtt. methanol extract as a promising treatment for Cryptosporidium parvum infection in experimentally immunosuppressed and immunocompetent mice. Assessment of health impacts in retired antisera-producing horses: Blood biochemistry and serum amyloid A analysis. Characterizing the bacteriophage PKp-V1 as a potential treatment for ESBL-producing hypervirulent K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 isolated from veterinary specimens. Cholangiocarcinoma: Consistent clinical, cytological, hematological, and biochemical findings and pathomorphology of the liver and kidney in five exotic dog breeds in Abeokuta, Nigeria.
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