Exposure to Bupropion-SR vs. Placebo is associated with reductions in smoking among persons receiving methadone with no stated interest in smoking cessation

Abstract

Smoking is prevalent among individuals receiving methadone treatment. Reducing smoking among this population is needed as smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and preventable death. Smoking cessation interventions for persons receiving medication for opioid use disorder have yielded small changes in abstinence. Bupropion-SR was developed as an anti-depressant medication and is a first-line medication for smoking cessation. There is limited research on the effectiveness of bupropion-SR on smoking cessation among individuals receiving medication for opioid use disorder. This study is a secondary analysis of N = 72 adults enrolled in methadone treatment who endorsed smoking cigarettes. Participants were randomized to receive bupropion-SR 150 mg twice-daily (n = 35) or placebo (n = 37) in the primary study that examined bupropion-SR on cocaine use outcomes over a 30-weeks. Mixed model analyses examined secondary changes in self-reported cigarettes smoked, a self-reported measure of nicotine dependence, and quantitative urinary cotinine values. The longitudinal analysis of self-reported daily cigarettes identified no main effects of group and week however a significant interaction between group and week revealed that persons receiving bupropion-SR group reported less smoking early in the intervention. Longitudinal evaluation of changes in urinary cotinine revealed a significant main effect of week but no main effect of group or group x week interaction. Data suggest that bupropion-SR significantly decreased the number of self-reported cigarettes smoked relative to placebo and reduced nicotine dependence severity by the end of the study. Follow-up studies are needed as these decreases were not identified throughout the full study period or at termination.