{"title":"Crystallization and phase transition boosted optical linear& nonlinear and magnetic properties in transparent xCu: BaSnO3 NCs/glass-ceramic","authors":"Yuandong Xu , Qiuling Chen , Chunlong Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.117034","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, cubic xCu: BaSnO<sub>3</sub> (x = 0, 1, 3, and 5 mol%) perovskite nanocrystals were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The influence of Cu doping levels on the crystal structure, morphology, size, and properties was analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV–vis), Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Across the 1–5 % doping range, the cubic BaSnO<sub>3</sub> structure was maintained with Cu<sup>2+</sup> in CuO<sub>6</sub> replacing Sn<sup>4+</sup> in the B-site. XPS analysis confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies due to charge imbalance, leading to a decrease in optical bandgap and an increase in ferromagnetic moment. When various contents of xCu: BaSnO<sub>3</sub> were doped into borosilicate glass, significant impacts on the glass network, crystallization, and properties were observed. Nanocrystals (∼50 nm) transitioned from cubic to orthorhombic phase beyond 3 mol% doping, modifying the glass network by converting BO<sub>3</sub> to BO<sub>4</sub>, AlO<sub>4</sub> to AlO<sub>6</sub>, and CuO<sub>6</sub> to CuO<sub>4</sub>. This phase change endowed the glass's strong ferromagnetic moment and absorption due to the t<sub>2 g</sub>→e<sub>g</sub> transitions of Cu<sup>2+</sup> in CuO<sub>6</sub>, and reduced the optical bandgap from 3.16 to 2.2 eV. The glass also exhibited improved Vickers hardness (475 HV) and a high Verdet constant of 0.174 min/G·cm due to network modifications. Glass also shows a distinct red emission at 596 nm with a 160 µs lifetime and good thermal stability, while doping levels above 3 % resulted in emission quenching. The optical nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear susceptibility increased with higher doping levels, reaching huge values of α<sub>3</sub>: 5.12×10<sup>−10</sup> m/W and χ<sup>(3)</sup>: 7.52×10<sup>−10</sup> esu, indicating potential for self-focusing applications. The increased polarizability also resulted in a high dielectric constant (18) and a large P-E loop of glasses which are promising for advanced photonics devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of The European Ceramic Society","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955221924009075","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this study, cubic xCu: BaSnO3 (x = 0, 1, 3, and 5 mol%) perovskite nanocrystals were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The influence of Cu doping levels on the crystal structure, morphology, size, and properties was analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV–vis), Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Across the 1–5 % doping range, the cubic BaSnO3 structure was maintained with Cu2+ in CuO6 replacing Sn4+ in the B-site. XPS analysis confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies due to charge imbalance, leading to a decrease in optical bandgap and an increase in ferromagnetic moment. When various contents of xCu: BaSnO3 were doped into borosilicate glass, significant impacts on the glass network, crystallization, and properties were observed. Nanocrystals (∼50 nm) transitioned from cubic to orthorhombic phase beyond 3 mol% doping, modifying the glass network by converting BO3 to BO4, AlO4 to AlO6, and CuO6 to CuO4. This phase change endowed the glass's strong ferromagnetic moment and absorption due to the t2 g→eg transitions of Cu2+ in CuO6, and reduced the optical bandgap from 3.16 to 2.2 eV. The glass also exhibited improved Vickers hardness (475 HV) and a high Verdet constant of 0.174 min/G·cm due to network modifications. Glass also shows a distinct red emission at 596 nm with a 160 µs lifetime and good thermal stability, while doping levels above 3 % resulted in emission quenching. The optical nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear susceptibility increased with higher doping levels, reaching huge values of α3: 5.12×10−10 m/W and χ(3): 7.52×10−10 esu, indicating potential for self-focusing applications. The increased polarizability also resulted in a high dielectric constant (18) and a large P-E loop of glasses which are promising for advanced photonics devices.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of the European Ceramic Society publishes the results of original research and reviews relating to ceramic materials. Papers of either an experimental or theoretical character will be welcomed on a fully international basis. The emphasis is on novel generic science concerning the relationships between processing, microstructure and properties of polycrystalline ceramics consolidated at high temperature. Papers may relate to any of the conventional categories of ceramic: structural, functional, traditional or composite. The central objective is to sustain a high standard of research quality by means of appropriate reviewing procedures.