Validation of spectroscopy quantitative method for the synthesis of compositionally-modulated FAPbI3 perovskite films by thermal evaporation

Abstract

Aiming at the formation of graded junctions, specifically the utilization of perovskite-perovskite homojunctions, we have successfully developed a reproducible methodology for synthesizing perovskite films using dual deposition of organic and inorganic precursors through vacuum thermal evaporation, forming compositionally modulated FAPbI₃-based perovskite materials. These homojunctions leverage the self-compositional doping of perovskite materials, incorporating both n-doped and p-doped films. We employed complementary techniques such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) to characterize these films. The combination of our deposition technique and comprehensive spectroscopic analysis provides valuable insights into the composition and properties of the resulting films. By employing this novel methodology, we aim to advance the development of new processing methods for the synthesis of compositionally doped perovskite films and paving the way for their potential applications to fabricate solar cells that include perovskite-perovskite homojunctions, enhancing charge extraction at the interface.