Graphitic carbon nitride-modified cerium ferrite: an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and erythromycin in aqueous solution

IF 3.4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1186/s40712-024-00183-7

Adewale Adewuyi, Rotimi A. Oderinde

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Abstract

Incomplete removal of antibiotics by most known wastewater treatment plants is a global challenge. Therefore, graphitic carbon nitride-modified cerium ferrite (CeFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄) was synthesized to remove antibiotics (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin) from water. CeFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ showed activity in the visible light with a Tauc plot revealing the bandgap energy (2.46 eV). The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) result revealed the surface of CeFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ to be heterogeneous, while the transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image confirmed a flaky with rod and oval shaped surface (average particle size of 42.22 nm). CeFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ exhibited a 100% removal of all the studied antibiotics from aqueous solution in a photocatalytic degradation that is described by pseudo-1st-order kinetics. CeFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ demonstrated a high regeneration capacity, which is above 90% at the 12th cycle of treatment without any observable changes in its phase structure which suggests a promising chemical stability and reusability. CeFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ compared favourably with some selected antibiotic degradable photocatalysts suggesting the economic viable of CeFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ as photocatalyst for the purification of antibiotics-contaminated water.

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氮化石墨碳修饰的铁氧体铈：降解水溶液中环丙沙星、氨苄西林和红霉素的高效光催化剂

大多数已知的污水处理厂都无法完全去除抗生素，这是一项全球性挑战。因此，我们合成了氮化石墨碳修饰的铈铁氧体（CeFe2O4@g-C3N4），用于去除水中的抗生素（氨苄西林、环丙沙星和红霉素）。CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 在可见光下显示出活性，其带隙能量（2.46eV）在陶氏图中显现出来。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示 CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 的表面是异质的，而透射电子显微镜（TEM）图像则证实其表面呈片状、棒状和椭圆形（平均粒径为 42.22 nm）。CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 在光催化降解过程中对水溶液中所有研究抗生素的去除率均为 100%，该降解过程采用伪 1 阶动力学描述。CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 显示出很高的再生能力，在第 12 个处理周期时，再生能力超过 90%，其相结构没有发生任何可观察到的变化，这表明它具有良好的化学稳定性和可重复使用性。CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 与一些选定的可降解抗生素的光催化剂相比毫不逊色，这表明 CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 作为光催化剂用于净化抗生素污染的水是经济可行的。

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