Neogene Hydrothermal Fe- and Mn-Oxide Mineralization of Paleozoic Continental Rocks, Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean

IF 2.9 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1029/2023GC010996
James R. Hein, Kira Mizell, Amy Gartman
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Abstract

Rocks dredged from water depths of 1,605, 2,500, 3,300, and 3,400 m in the Arctic Ocean included Paleozoic continental rocks pervasively mineralized during the Neogene by hydrothermal Fe and Mn oxides. Samples were recovered in three dredge hauls from the Chukchi Borderland and one from Mendeleev Ridge north of Alaska and eastern Siberia, respectively. Many of the rocks were so pervasively altered that the protolith could not be identified, while others had volcanic, plutonic, and metamorphic protoliths. The mineralized rocks were cemented and partly to wholly replaced by the hydrothermal oxides. The Amerasia Basin, where the Chukchi Borderland and Mendeleev Ridge occur, supports a series of faults and fractures that serve as major zones of crustal weakness. We propose that the stratabound hydrothermal deposits formed through the flux of hydrothermal fluids along Paleozoic and Mesozoic faults related to block faulting along a rifted margin during minor episodes of Neogene tectonism and were later exposed at the seafloor through slumping or other gravity processes. Tectonically driven hydrothermal circulation most likely facilitated the pervasive mineralization along fault surfaces via frictional heating, hydrofracturing brecciation, and low- to moderate temperature Fe- and Mn-rich hydrothermal fluids, which mineralized the crushed, altered, and brecciated rocks.

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北冰洋阿美拉西亚盆地古生代大陆岩石的新近纪热液铁和氧化锰成矿作用
从北冰洋水深 1,605 米、2,500 米、3,300 米和 3,400 米处挖出的岩石包括古生代大陆岩石,这些岩石在新近纪期间被热液铁和锰氧化物普遍矿化。样本分别从阿拉斯加以北的楚科奇边疆地区和西伯利亚东部的门捷列夫海脊的三次挖泥船和一次挖泥船中采集。许多岩石被普遍蚀变,无法确定原岩,而其他岩石则具有火山岩、板岩和变质岩原岩。矿化岩被热液氧化物胶结并部分或全部取代。楚科奇边疆区和门捷列夫海脊所在的阿美拉西亚盆地有一系列断层和断裂,是地壳的主要薄弱区。我们认为,地层热液矿床是在新近纪构造运动的小时期,热液沿着与断裂有关的古生代和中生代断层流动而形成的,这些断层是断裂边缘的块状断层,后来通过坍塌或其他重力过程暴露在海底。构造驱动的热液循环很可能通过摩擦加热、水力破碎角砾岩和低温至中温富含铁和锰的热液,使破碎、蚀变和角砾岩矿化,从而促进了沿断层面的普遍矿化。
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来源期刊
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
11.40%
发文量
252
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G3) publishes research papers on Earth and planetary processes with a focus on understanding the Earth as a system. Observational, experimental, and theoretical investigations of the solid Earth, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and solar system at all spatial and temporal scales are welcome. Articles should be of broad interest, and interdisciplinary approaches are encouraged. Areas of interest for this peer-reviewed journal include, but are not limited to: The physics and chemistry of the Earth, including its structure, composition, physical properties, dynamics, and evolution Principles and applications of geochemical proxies to studies of Earth history The physical properties, composition, and temporal evolution of the Earth''s major reservoirs and the coupling between them The dynamics of geochemical and biogeochemical cycles at all spatial and temporal scales Physical and cosmochemical constraints on the composition, origin, and evolution of the Earth and other terrestrial planets The chemistry and physics of solar system materials that are relevant to the formation, evolution, and current state of the Earth and the planets Advances in modeling, observation, and experimentation that are of widespread interest in the geosciences.
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