Boston Marathon athlete performance outcomes and intra-event medical encounter risk associated with low energy availability indicators

IF 11.6 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES British Journal of Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108181
Kristin E Whitney, Alexandra F DeJong Lempke, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M Burke, Bryan Holtzman, Aaron L Baggish, Pierre A D'Hemecourt, Sophia Dyer, Chris Troyanos, Kaya Adelzadeh, Grace H Saville, Ida A Heikura, Nicole Farnsworth, Laura Reece, Anthony C Hackney, Kathryn E Ackerman
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Abstract

Objective To determine the association between survey-based self-reported problematic low energy availability indicators (LEA-I) and race performance and intra-event medical encounters during the Boston Marathon. Methods 1030 runners who were registered for the 2022 Boston Marathon completed an electronic survey (1–4 weeks pre-race) assessing LEA-I, training and medical history. De-identified survey data were linked to event wearable timing chips and medical encounter records. LEA-I was defined as: an elevated Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire score, elevated Low Energy Availability (LEA) in Females Questionnaire score, LEA in Males Questionnaire with a focus on gonadal dysfunction score and/or self-report of diagnosed eating disorder/disordered eating. Results The prevalence of LEA-I was 232/546 (42.5%) in females and 85/484 (17.6%) in males. Athletes without LEA-I (non-LEA-I) achieved significantly better race times versus those with LEA-I (accounting for demographic and anthropomorphic data, training history and marathon experience), along with better division finishing place (DFP) mean outcomes (women’s DFP: 948.9±57.6 versus 1377.4±82.9, p<0.001; men’s DFP: 794.6±41.0 versus 1262.4±103.3, p<0.001). Compared with non-LEA-I athletes, LEA-I athletes had 1.99-fold (95% CI: 1.15 to 3.43) increased relative risk (RR) of an intra-event medical encounter of any severity level, and a 2.86-fold increased RR (95% CI:1.31 to 6.24) of a major medical encounter. Conclusion This is the largest study to link LEA-I to intra-event athletic performance and medical encounters. LEA-I were associated with worse race performance and increased risk of intra-event medical encounters, supporting the negative performance and medical risks associated with problematic LEA-I in marathon athletes. Data are available upon reasonable request.
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波士顿马拉松运动员的成绩结果以及与低能量可用性指标相关的赛内医疗遭遇风险
目的 确定在波士顿马拉松赛期间,基于调查的自我报告问题低能量可用性指标(LEA-I)与比赛成绩和赛内就医之间的关联。方法 1030 名报名参加 2022 年波士顿马拉松赛的选手完成了一项电子调查(赛前 1-4 周),对低能量可用性指标、训练和病史进行了评估。经过身份验证的调查数据与赛事可穿戴计时芯片和就诊记录进行了关联。LEA-I 的定义是:饮食失调检查问卷得分升高、女性低能量可用性(LEA)问卷得分升高、男性低能量可用性问卷(侧重于性腺功能障碍)得分升高和/或自我报告诊断为饮食失调/饮食紊乱。结果 女性 LEA-I 患病率为 232/546(42.5%),男性为 85/484(17.6%)。未患 LEA-I 的运动员(非 LEA-I 运动员)与患 LEA-I 的运动员(考虑到人口统计学和人体形态学数据、训练历史和马拉松经验)相比,取得了明显更好的比赛时间,同时取得了更好的分段完赛名次(DFP)平均成绩(女子 DFP:948.9±57.6 对 1377.4±82.9,p<0.001;男子 DFP:794.6±41.0 对 1262.4±103.3,p<0.001)。与非 LEA-I 运动员相比,LEA-I 运动员在赛内发生任何严重程度医疗事故的相对风险(RR)增加了 1.99 倍(95% CI:1.15 至 3.43),发生重大医疗事故的相对风险(RR)增加了 2.86 倍(95% CI:1.31 至 6.24)。结论 这是一项将 LEA-I 与赛内运动表现和医疗遭遇联系起来的最大规模研究。LEA-I 与更差的比赛成绩和更高的赛内就医风险有关,支持马拉松运动员的负面成绩和与问题 LEA-I 相关的医疗风险。如有合理要求,可提供相关数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
27.10
自引率
4.90%
发文量
217
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM) is a dynamic platform that presents groundbreaking research, thought-provoking reviews, and meaningful discussions on sport and exercise medicine. Our focus encompasses various clinically-relevant aspects such as physiotherapy, physical therapy, and rehabilitation. With an aim to foster innovation, education, and knowledge translation, we strive to bridge the gap between research and practical implementation in the field. Our multi-media approach, including web, print, video, and audio resources, along with our active presence on social media, connects a global community of healthcare professionals dedicated to treating active individuals.
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