Energy Efficient Joint Beamforming Design for Hardware-Impaired STAR-RIS-Assisted CF-mMIMO Systems

IF 8.3 2区计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE Transactions on Communications Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1109/TCOMM.2024.3496716

Debajit Choudhury;Abhay Kumar Sah

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Abstract

The alliance of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) is a promising architecture for the next-generation wireless networks. The idea is to deploy a large number of distributed access points (APs) assisted by a simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) that provides 360° coverage to user equipments (UEs) located on the front and back side of the RIS, over the same time-frequency resources. In this paper, we focus on the joint active and passive beamforming design in a downlink STAR-RIS-assisted CF-mMIMO network so that the energy efficiency of the network can be maximized. For this, we employ fractional programming and Lagrangian dual transform to decouple the active and passive beamformers and solve it via an alternating optimization (AO). To keep the computational complexity in check, we have derived a closed-form update for the active beamformers at the APs and also obtained a computationally inexpensive line-search-based general inertial projected gradient (GIPG) algorithm to optimize the passive beamformer at the STAR-RIS. Using simulations, we corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed beamforming algorithm in maximizing the EE of the network in the presence of hardware imperfections at APs, UEs, and STAR-RIS.

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针对硬件受损 STAR-RIS 辅助 CF-mMIMO 系统的高能效联合波束成形设计

可重构智能表面（RISs）和无蜂窝大规模多输入多输出（CF-mMIMO）的联盟是下一代无线网络的一个很有前途的架构。该想法是部署大量分布式接入点（ap），通过同步传输和反射可重构智能表面（STAR-RIS），在相同的时频资源上为位于RIS正面和背面的用户设备（ue）提供360°覆盖。本文重点研究了下行链路star - ris辅助的CF-mMIMO网络的主动式和被动式联合波束形成设计，使网络的能源效率最大化。为此，我们采用分数规划和拉格朗日对偶变换对有源和无源波束形成器进行解耦，并通过交替优化（AO）进行求解。为了控制计算复杂度，我们对APs的有源波束形成器进行了封闭式更新，并获得了一种计算成本低廉的基于线搜索的通用惯性投影梯度（GIPG）算法来优化STAR-RIS的无源波束形成器。通过模拟，我们证实了在ap、ue和STAR-RIS存在硬件缺陷的情况下，所提出的波束形成算法在最大化网络EE方面的有效性。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Communications 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

16.10

自引率

8.40%

发文量

528

审稿时长

4.1 months

期刊介绍： The IEEE Transactions on Communications is dedicated to publishing high-quality manuscripts that showcase advancements in the state-of-the-art of telecommunications. Our scope encompasses all aspects of telecommunications, including telephone, telegraphy, facsimile, and television, facilitated by electromagnetic propagation methods such as radio, wire, aerial, underground, coaxial, and submarine cables, as well as waveguides, communication satellites, and lasers. We cover telecommunications in various settings, including marine, aeronautical, space, and fixed station services, addressing topics such as repeaters, radio relaying, signal storage, regeneration, error detection and correction, multiplexing, carrier techniques, communication switching systems, data communications, and communication theory. Join us in advancing the field of telecommunications through groundbreaking research and innovation.